Treatment for Raynaud Syndrome :: essays research papers

Treatment for Raynauds - 2 -IntroductionRaynaud syndrome is an auto-immune disorder in which teleph angiotensin-converting enzyme line vessels in the digits constrict. It usually strikes females between the ages of eighteen and thirty. Between three to five percent of people are affected. (Harvard, 2003) There is no known campaign or cure. (Segala et al, 2003) Clinical features primarily deal with (but are non limited to) the digits of the fingers. Other digits that may be affected include toes, nose, and ear lobes. Exposure to coolness and excited stress triggers the vasoconstriction of the digits. It was originally described by the Catholic, French physician Maurice Raynaud in 1862. In this condition, the vasospastic response is more frequently induced by exposure to arctic temperatures and is often accompanied by digital color changes. After onset, a tri-color change blanching (white), cyanosis (blue), and reactive hyperemia (red) occurs. Pallor (blanching) shows vasospasm and loss of arterial blood flow, cyanosis shows the deoxygenation of noneffervescent venous blood, and rubor (red) shows reactive hyperemia following return of blood flow. (Bowling, 2003) Theories for the causes of Raynaud syndrome include arterial wall damage, connective tissue disease (CTD), or clamant use of vibrational tools. (Ko, 2002) There are various methods of diagnosing Raydaund syndrome. Cold water emersion is one method. In this method, patients hands are immersed in cold water to observe any clinical features. Another mode of diagnosis looks at medical conditions that are associated with Raynaud syndrome, such as CTD, scleroderma, and lupus. A third proficiency includes physical examination of the ulnar and radial vessels, nail folds in the capillaries, presence of digital inflammation, sclerodactyly (sleroderma, hardening of the skin, of the fingers and toes), or telangiectasia (chronic dilation of groups of capillaries Treatment for Raynauds - 3 -that cause dark red blotches on the skin, usually on the face). Laboratory tests are another consideration of diagnosis. Tests consist of anti-nuclear anti-body (ANA) counts and anti-topoisomerase (an enzyme that reduces super-coiling in DNA by breaking and rejoining one or both strands of DNA). High ANAs and low anti-topoisomerases are found in patients with Raynaud syndrome. (Desai, 2003) Patients with circulating autoantibodies, antinuclear antibodies, and anti-Scl 70 antibodies are at (an) increased risk of underdeveloped a connective tissue disease. Systemic sclerosis is the connective tissue disease most frequently associated with Raynauds phenomenon. (Bowling, 2003) This syndrome is described as primary Raynaud phenomenon (PRP) if is not associated with another disorder and as secondary Raynaud phenomenon (SRP) if it occurs in association with another disorder.

Physics of Neurons Essay -- physics neuron

The human dying(p) corpse is divided into two parts, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system, CNS, is just the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system, PNS, includes the nerves and neurons that extend outwards from CNS, to transmit nurture to your limbs and organs for example. Communication between your cells is extremely important, neurons are the messengers that relay information to and from your brain.Nerve cells generate electrical signals to transmit information. Neurons are not necessarily intrinsically great electrical conductors, however, they have evolved specialized mechanisms for propagating signals based on the flow of ions across their membranes.In their inactive state neurons have a negative potential, called the resting membrane potential. Action potentials changes the transmembrane potential from negative to positive. Action potentials are carried along axons, and are the basis for information transpor tation from one cell in the nervous system to another. Other types of electrical signals are possible, but well focus on action potentials. These electrical signals arise from ion fluxes produced by nerve cell membranes that are selectively leaky to different ions. Neurons and glia (cells that support neurons) are specialized cells for electrical signaling over long distances. Understanding neural structure is important for understanding neuronal function. The number of synaptic inputs recieved by each nerve cell in our (human) nervous system varies from 1-100,000 This wide range reflects the fundamental purpose of nerve cells, to amalgamate info from other neurons.Cellular organization of neurons resembles that of other ce... ...ive current flow.Another way to improve the passive flow is to insulate the axonal membrane with myelin. This reduces the number of current that would otherwise leak out of the axon and increases the distance that the current fag end flow passively.M yelination, aka axon insulation, increases action potential conduction up to 150m/s compared to 0.5-10m/s conduction velocities of unmyelnated axonsSpeedy delivery of current (information) along axons is also due to the nodes of Ranvier. Nodes of Ranvier are gaps between insulated portions of the axon. The gaps create a place where the current can flow out of the axon so an action potential can be generated.Action potentials are started at one end of the node, flow passively through the myelinated axon, and pop out the other side to jump to the next node. This jumping of action potentials is called saltatory.

Cause of Eating Disorders Essay -- essays papers

Cause of Eating Disorders In America, today we often hear of sight who let from illness such as cancer, aids etc. what we often dont hear about is the illness that effects a lot of people each year that universe eating disorders. Whenever I hear about eating disorders it remains me of one of my cousin who had suffered from anorexia. It all started when her family and acquaintances started to say that she was fat and chubby. In her family everyone is very slim and tall so her brothers started teasing and calling her fatty and used to say that she assume to loose weight otherwise nobody depart marry her or even wants to be with her. She used to worry so much about her weight and wanted to loose weight. The only way she put to clearher for loosing weight was stop eating. She starved herself and lost couple of pounds. She was happy with the result and had great determination of loosing weight. Nobody noticed anything wrong until one day she was entirely dehydrated and fai nted at school. She was hospitalized for almost a week. But she got all the help and support that she needed from her Doctors, family and got better. Eating disorders have become serious issues in the past 25 years. Many people have been diagnosed with eating disorders. More teens out of any other age groups suffer from it. Sports, body image, peer pressure and pitiable self-esteem can cause teens to be driven to eating disorders. Anorexia and bulimia are the two main types of eating disorders. Anorexia is the self-starving behavior that can lead to horrific health problems an even death. Bulimia is when a binge/ purge cycle is used or laxatives are used at an excessive amount. Anorexia and Bulimia call for persons thoughts and olfactionings as well as his or her body. ... ...happy with any thing they do. Being over weight is hard to cope with in this day and age. Many teens get very depressed when they are over weight because people tease them they cannot fit in with th e crowd. Sometimes even if a teenager is not overweight, they feel they must maintain their body size, so they can look like models. It is unfortunate, but in todays society, people have forgotten that it is what deep down a person that counts, not whats on the outside.In conclusion, we need to start loving and accepting each other for who we are, and not what we look like. We need to teach our children to be proud of whom they are. Parents needs to also teach our children the value of healthy leaving and not send the message that being thin is important. Family and peers need to support people with weight problems and not make them feel guilty about how they look.

Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Type of Work Heroic epic poem Setting"Land of the Geats," southern Sweden and Denmark c. sixth century Principal CharactersBeowulf, a Geat heroHrothgar, King of the DanesUnferth, a Danish warriorWiglaf, Beowulfs nephew and loyal court noble Story OverviewLong ago in Hrothgars Danish kingdom lived a gruesome monster-giant namedGrendel, who nightly roamed the countryside. Rising from his marshy home, he wouldstalk to the Kings high hall, and there devour fifteen of Hrothgars sleeping warriors.Then, before departing, the monster would seize fifteen to a greater extent men with his huge armsand bear them back to his watery lair. For twelve years the slaughter continued. Word of this terror spread across the sea to the fetch of the Geats, ruled by Hygelac.Beowulf, Hygelacs principal advisor and warrior and a man of great strength andcourage, heard the tale of Grendels murderous attacks. Straightway, he set sail to vindicate the Danes from the demons depredations. In Denmark, a coast-watcher met the weary company of fifteen seafarers. Learning ofBeowulfs intended mission, he permitted the Danes to pass. They started out then - the spacious ship remained behind, riding on its rope, ... Figures of boars, happy and fire-hardened, gleamed gold-adorned above the cheek-guards in war the boarhelped guard those fierce mens lives ... To Hrothgars high hall they marched. There the King spread a banquet bedspread inBeowulfs honor the mead cup was passed around, and the boasting began. But theDanish warrior Unferth, "drunken with wine," taunted the Geat, reminding him of afive-day swimming contest in which Beowulf was said to have been bested. The Geatanswered boldly, however, that he had not only emerged victorious in the race, buthad been forced to kill nine deadly sea-monsters during the course. After the feast, Hrothgar and his warriors went to their rest, leaving Beowulf and hismen in the hall. Then came the fiendish Grendel, "with an ugly light, l ike a hellishflame in his eyes." The ironbound door burst open at the touch of his fingers, and herejoiced at the rich feast of kind-hearted flesh awaiting him. He seized one sleeping warrior,tore him up furiously, bit through muscles and sinews, and drank the blood in streams.Then he quickly consumed the entire mud "as a wolf might eat a rabbit." Hereached toward another victim, but the beast was destined to dine no more that night.Without cuticle or spear, Beowulf took hold of the dreaded monster, wrenching off hisright arm and the maimed Grendel fled back to his home.

English Macbeth :: essays research papers

To What Extent is Macbeth pushed into sidesplitting male monarch Duncan?Numerous people and factors push Macbeth into killing the king. The main factors are&61656 Lady Macbeth&61656 The Witches and Fate&61656 King Duncan&61656 Banquo&61656 Himself (Macbeth)I start with probably the most influential character upon Macbeth, his wife, Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth believes what the witches have said and in that respectfore believes that she will become the queen. &8216Have I design good to deliver thee&8217She obviously has a great ambition and will do almost anything to fulfil her ambition. This shows a great evilness in her&8216And shoot the brains out&8217She is also reluctant to accept Macbeths original thought of leaving the idea alone&8216What beast was&8217t then that made you break this first step to me&8217She appears supremely confident about murdering Duncan even though Macbeth is non which also shows of her great ambition to succeed and become queen of Scotland.&8216We Fail? &8230 But rump your courage&8230 and we&8217ll not fail&8217Lady Macbeth plans the murder from a very early stage even when Macbeth is unsure of what he is to do&8216When Duncan is asleep&8230 his soggy officers, who shall bear the guilt of our great quell?Overall Lady Macbeths ambition, confidence and naivete is perhaps the major factor in pushing Macbeth into the murder of Duncan. She does not prize of the consequences of the murder so she is 100% behind Macbeth killing Macbeth, which makes it difficult for Macbeth to go against her.Another factor is Banquo. The fact that Banquo knows of what the &8216imperfect speakers&8217 said is a major factor pushing Macbeth away from killing the King. If the King were to be murdered Banquo would be suspicious and would most likely suspect Macbeth of doing the evil deed of killing the king. This would obviously put Macbeth off.Another factor is that of the Witches. Without them Macbeth would most likely not think twice about killing the king. &8216All hail Macbeth, that shalt be king thereafter&8217If someone were to just tell him this he would most likely not believe it but it was the fact that the witches had forecasted that he would be Thane of Cawdor and Thane of Glamis correctly.The witches forced him to think about being king but at first he expected to be made king without doing anything for it but he then realises there is only one way, to kill the king. This encounter with the witches has put him in two minds.

Political Romantics of Elizabeth Cady Stanton Essay -- Biography Biogr

Political Romantics of Elizabeth Cady Stanton Romantic persuasion enters all genres of literature. At the metre of the American Renaissance romanticism became a prominent scene of writing. It was a time of transpose not just in literature, provided in the policy-making arena. The political turmoil of the time fashiond a new locus for writers with views of a utopian society. These authors, with their ideals, became a catalyst for the continuing changes of today. This cunning use of language, whether intentional or accidental, continues today. Political change comes not just from thought evoke words, but from gaining the emotions of those hearing the words. During a time in need of sweeping political change an arena is created which can serve a romantic meaning well. Whether this heart is seen as romantic or warrior-like it is the passionate wording that entrances the reader. Elizabeth Cady Stantons work, while seen as political, speaks not just to the mind, but the heart as well. Choosing her language guardedly serves two intents, demanding change and evoking desire in the reader to assist in the changes. It is this force to create desire that makes Stanton an influential writer. Elizabeth Cady was one of eleven children born into a time in history when women had no voice. After the death of her oldest brother Stantons father commented, Oh, my daughter, I wish you were a boy (Heath 2031). From this early time she was reminded of her limitations, but refused to accept the restrictions. Stanton went so far as to have the word obey omitted from her marriage vows to total heat Brewster Stanton. This formidable personality coupled with an eloquent writing ability led her into politics. It is Stantons language ... ... Ellen. Century of Struggle The Womans Rights Movement in the United States. Cambridge Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996. King, Martin Luther. I Have a Dream. A Testament of Hope The native Writings of Martin Luther King, J r. Ed. J. M. Washington. San Francisco Harper & Row, 1986. 217-220. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. The American Scholar. The Heath Anthology of American Literature Third Edition. Ed. capital of Minnesota Lauter. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 1610. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. from Eighty Years and More Reminiscences. The Heath Anthology of American Literature Third Edition. Ed. Paul Lauter. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 2031-2033. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. The Solitude of Self. The Female Experience An American Documentary. Ed. Gerda Lerner. newfangled York Oxford University Press, 1977. 490-493. Political Romantics of Elizabeth Cady Stanton Essay -- Biography BiogrPolitical Romantics of Elizabeth Cady Stanton Romantic persuasion enters all genres of literature. At the time of the American Renaissance romanticism became a prominent aspect of writing. It was a time of change not just in literature, but in the political arena. The political turmoil of the time created a new venue for writers with views of a utopian society. These authors, with their ideals, became a catalyst for the continuing changes of today. This cunning use of language, whether intentional or accidental, continues today. Political change comes not just from thought provoking words, but from gaining the emotions of those hearing the words. During a time in need of sweeping political change an arena is created which can serve a romantic heart well. Whether this heart is seen as romantic or warrior-like it is the passionate wording that entrances the reader. Elizabeth Cady Stantons work, while seen as political, speaks not just to the mind, but the heart as well. Choosing her language carefully serves two intents, demanding change and evoking desire in the reader to assist in the changes. It is this ability to create desire that makes Stanton an influential writer. Elizabeth Cady was one of eleven children born into a time in history when women had no voice. After the d eath of her oldest brother Stantons father commented, Oh, my daughter, I wish you were a boy (Heath 2031). From this early time she was reminded of her limitations, but refused to accept the restrictions. Stanton went so far as to have the word obey omitted from her marriage vows to Henry Brewster Stanton. This formidable personality coupled with an eloquent writing ability led her into politics. It is Stantons language ... ... Ellen. Century of Struggle The Womans Rights Movement in the United States. Cambridge Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996. King, Martin Luther. I Have a Dream. A Testament of Hope The Essential Writings of Martin Luther King, Jr. Ed. J. M. Washington. San Francisco Harper & Row, 1986. 217-220. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. The American Scholar. The Heath Anthology of American Literature Third Edition. Ed. Paul Lauter. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 1610. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. from Eighty Years and More Reminiscences. The Heath Anthology of A merican Literature Third Edition. Ed. Paul Lauter. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 2031-2033. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. The Solitude of Self. The Female Experience An American Documentary. Ed. Gerda Lerner. New York Oxford University Press, 1977. 490-493.

Political Romantics of Elizabeth Cady Stanton Essay -- Biography Biogr

Political quixotics of Elizabeth Cady Stanton Romantic persuasion enters all genres of literature. At the period of the American Renaissance romanticisticism became a crowing aspect of constitution. It was a time of change not safe in literature, but in the political arena. The political turmoil of the time created a impertinent venue for writers with views of a utopian society. These authors, with their ideals, became a catalyst for the move changes of today. This cunning use of delivery, whether intentional or accidental, continues today. Political change comes not just from estimation provoking words, but from gaining the emotions of those hearing the words. During a time in need of sweeping political change an arena is created which can serve a romantic heart well. Whether this heart is seen as romantic or warrior-like it is the choleric wording that entrances the lector. Elizabeth Cady Stantons work, while seen as political, speaks not just to the mind, but the he art as well. Choosing her language carefully serves two intents, demanding change and evoking desire in the reader to assist in the changes. It is this ability to create desire that makes Stanton an influential writer. Elizabeth Cady was one of eleven children born(p) into a time in history when women had no voice. later on the death of her oldest brother Stantons father commented, Oh, my daughter, I wish you were a boy ( heath 2031). From this early time she was reminded of her limitations, but refused to accept the restrictions. Stanton went so far as to grant the word obey omitted from her marriage vows to Henry Brewster Stanton. This formidable personality coupled with an eloquent writing ability led her into politics. It is Stantons language ... ... Ellen. Century of Struggle The Womans Rights strawman in the United States. Cambridge Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996. King, Martin Luther. I Have a Dream. A Testament of hope The Essential Writings of Martin Luther King, Jr. Ed. J. M. Washington. San Francisco Harper & Row, 1986. 217-220. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. The American Scholar. The heath Anthology of American Literature Third Edition. Ed. Paul Lauter. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 1610. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. from Eighty Years and More Reminiscences. The Heath Anthology of American Literature Third Edition. Ed. Paul Lauter. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 2031-2033. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. The purdah of Self. The Female Experience An American Documentary. Ed. Gerda Lerner. New York Oxford University Press, 1977. 490-493. Political Romantics of Elizabeth Cady Stanton Essay -- Biography BiogrPolitical Romantics of Elizabeth Cady Stanton Romantic persuasion enters all genres of literature. At the time of the American Renaissance romanticism became a prominent aspect of writing. It was a time of change not just in literature, but in the political arena. The political turmoil of the time created a new venue for writers with views of a utopian society. These authors, with their ideals, became a catalyst for the continuing changes of today. This cunning use of language, whether intentional or accidental, continues today. Political change comes not just from thought provoking words, but from gaining the emotions of those hearing the words. During a time in need of sweeping political change an arena is created which can serve a romantic heart well. Whether this heart is seen as romantic or warrior-like it is the passionate wording that entrances the reader. Elizabeth Cady Stantons work, while seen as political, speaks not just to the mind, but the heart as well. Choosing her language carefully serves two intents, demanding change and evoking desire in the reader to assist in the changes. It is this ability to create desire that makes Stanton an influential writer. Elizabeth Cady was one of eleven children born into a time in history when women had no voice. After the death of h er oldest brother Stantons father commented, Oh, my daughter, I wish you were a boy (Heath 2031). From this early time she was reminded of her limitations, but refused to accept the restrictions. Stanton went so far as to have the word obey omitted from her marriage vows to Henry Brewster Stanton. This formidable personality coupled with an eloquent writing ability led her into politics. It is Stantons language ... ... Ellen. Century of Struggle The Womans Rights Movement in the United States. Cambridge Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996. King, Martin Luther. I Have a Dream. A Testament of Hope The Essential Writings of Martin Luther King, Jr. Ed. J. M. Washington. San Francisco Harper & Row, 1986. 217-220. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. The American Scholar. The Heath Anthology of American Literature Third Edition. Ed. Paul Lauter. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 1610. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. from Eighty Years and More Reminiscences. The Heath Anthology of American L iterature Third Edition. Ed. Paul Lauter. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 2031-2033. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. The Solitude of Self. The Female Experience An American Documentary. Ed. Gerda Lerner. New York Oxford University Press, 1977. 490-493.

The Big Society: A Realistic Objective or a Political Myth?

Chapter 1 IntroductionSocio-political backgroundThe connection between polite ordering and the state reflects the changing genius of the populace private interaction and poses questions about the government agency of government in groundbreaking capitalist societies. The constantly changing dynamics of the familiar-private coexistence is a direct retort to the processes of globalization and modernization, which have placed the state in an entirely different realm, and have challenged its parameters as a political entity.On the international level, what Samuel Huntington called the third waving of democratization (1991) has seen the globalization of world politics, and according to roughly, the undermined capacity of the state (Cerny, 1990 Scholte, 2006 Rosenau 1990). The third wave of democratization in the world has also been marked by the repeal of the global genteel order of magnitude and the increasing power of non-governmental organizations and associations (Bull, 1977).On the domestic level, a similar process croupe be traced. Throughout the last some(prenominal) decades, the traditional political ubiquity of the state has been challenged, with the rise of accomplished society and associational democracy (Baccaro, 2002). The state no longer exists in its exhausted and constringe confinement as a provider of public services. Its functions, theorists like Baccaro argue, have been divulged to the local communities and voluntary associations, which have become the recent pillar not only(prenominal) of public opinion, but also for public advocacy in legislature. Civil society challenges the modern state to some extent, but its functions do not beget to undermine its capabilities. As this dissertation willing argue, they seek to reinforce them.1.2 Research aimsThis dissertation will examine the feasibility and sustainability of the bigger social club Project as a model of political governance. In order to do this, the author will focus on the connection between the private and the public in the contemporary state, and will assess the resuscitating power of civil society in the public sector. It will illustrate the theoretical connection between the two by the critical analysis of a alternatively contemporary juxtaposition between civil society and the state, proposed by the Conservative Party in 2010. Specific aspects will cover the shift of state powers from the public to the private realm.1.3 Historical motions before the epic SocietyAlthough the Big Society was represented as a strategy by the Conservative Party, its ideological tenets can be found in earlier observations, related to the rise of an independent civil state and community participation.Attempts to accommodate civil society and the state in the same political equation have started at the turn of the last century, with a deep reconsideration of the main characteristics of advanced capitalist societies and the role of the state. A leading Marxist theorist, Antonio Gramsci proposes a classic division between the state and non-state elements of governance in his Selections from the Prison Notebooks (1971). He views civil society as an organic entity, which exists beyond the realm of the government. The controversy in his theoretical model of governance comes from the exaggerated view that the civil society can exist as a self-regulatory body in a stateless world. A to a greater extent moderate view on the connection between civil society and the state is proposed by sociologist Max Weber. In his Politics of the Civil Society Weber discusses the idea of public citizenship and its role in mass democracy. He discusses civil society not as an alternative, but as a cultivating force, necessary for the existence of the modern state (Weber, 2004). The Weberian approach to understanding civil society suggests that the connection between the public and private is not necessarily exclusionary, as suggested by the Marxists. In his 1962 big(p)ism and Political Freedom, economist Milton Friedman discusses sparing neo-liberalism as an classical prerequisite for political freedom of the citizens. He emphasizes the central role of the government as a provider of legislature, which would enforce property rights and civil institutions. Friedmans economic philosophy of government intervention suggests a model of public-private form of governance. In an extensive study on social movements called Beyond Left and Right, Anthony Giddens goes even shape up and suggests that social movements argon stronger advocates for change than political parties are (Giddens, 1994). Last but not least, in his Bowling Alone Americas Declining social Capital (1995) Robert Putnam uses the decline of voluntary associations and civic engagement to explain the social decay of the American community. As symptoms of social apathy, he points out the political disengagement of the American public and its growing distrust to the government (Putn am, 1995). The ideological tenet of the Big Society can also be related to what Lucio Baccaro calls associational democracy (2002). He describes associational democracy as the intersection between civil society and the state. Baccaros vision of decentralisation and empowerment of the local communities can be apply to fit the Big Society into a wider theoretical realm. Baccaro offers a model of public-private governance, which reveals elements of societal conservatism freighter the Big Societys main final stage the shift of regulatory powers from the government bureaucrats into the hands of the people.It is not difficult to notice a historical trend on the changing divisions between civil society and the state. Last several decades have witnessed a major shift towards empowerment of the private sector, and enrapture of powers and regulatory functions in the hands civil society organizations. This trend does not necessarily mean however that the state as a provider of services and individual well-being is in decline. On the contrary, this historic disposition suggests that civil society is a pillar, not a threat to the state and can act as a channel for reform in the public sector. The next section will examine its contemporary manifestations as a policy, proposed by David Cameron and the Conservative Party in 2010.1.4. What is the Big SocietyIn July 2010 in Liverpool, after the oecumenical elections, David Cameron re-launched the Big Society curriculum, which was to become part of the political platform of the new coalition government. The programme had five main tenets localism and more power for the communities volunteerism transfer of power from central to local government support of cooperatives, charities, and social enterprises transparency of government legislation (Cameron, 2010). Under the Big Society programme, initiatives such as the Big Society Bank and the National Citizen Service (NCS) were established.The idea bottom of the inning the Big Society is to attribute more responsibilities to the citizens as key participants in the policy-making process. concord to David Cameron, its main purpose was to propose a ground up approach of governance, where power and ideas will derive from the people (Cameron, 2010). The Conservative Party proposed the Big Society Project as the engine of public sector reform.The government indicated that the Big Society would empower local communities in their attempts to solve problems in their own neighborhood, and to character their opinions.1.4.1 IdeologyThe ideology behind the Big Society is an unconventional type of conservatism. It views successful governance as a hybrid between the private and the public sectors, and citizens initiative as a prerequisite for associational democracy. The idea behind the Big Society is very often confused with classic Marxism, which offers an extreme and rather utopian view of civic associations as a necessary replacement of the state. The rise of a big society however, does not imply the demise of the state. The Big Society can be interpreted as a politically sensible response to the economic recession, poverty, and social breakdown. It has lead to Camerons recognition of the role of the public sector and volunteerism as antidotes of a disintegrating society (Bochel & Defty, 2010 Evans, 2011 Smith, 2010). The ideas of the Big Society diverge from the stance of some of David Camerons predecessors such as Margaret Thatcher, because it recognizes the role of non-state associations as advocates for political change and providers for the citizens. At the same time, it does not use the societal factor as an umbrella for a smaller government (Norman, 2011 Smith, 2010). Therefore, the ideology behind the Big Society can be described as societal conservatism. Societal should not be confused with social (or socialist), because the Big Society retch does not exclude privatization within the welfare sector and public sector cuts.1.4.2 ResponsesThe Big Society project has provoked mixed responses. Its supporters claim that the idea to amalgamate the public and the private sector as providers for the citizens is revolutionary and democratically advanced. Liberals tend to view this idea as innovative, because it emphasizes the role of the citizens in shaping modern daytime policy.The main criticisms of the Big Society are that is has been used to justify the radical budget cuts in the public and social sectors, and is too utopian to be implement in practice. A popular criticism points to the lack of citizens motivator and appropriate skills, which are prerequisites for a fulfilling civic participation (Grint & Holt, 2011 Hasan, 2010).1.4.3 Local empowerment and decentralization sectionalism and decentralization have been key tenets on the Big society agenda. Some of the proposals, designed to empower local authorities and citizens include introducing directly elected mayors and police force commissioners devolv ing the financial powers of local government increasing transparency and letting local citizens choose the organisational structure of their local council (Inside Government, 2011).The ideology behind local empowerment and decentralization is akin to the neo-liberal political thought. The transformation of local empowerment into an actual policy came to life in March 2011, when the Localism Bill was passed by the House of super C despite controversies over social housing (Hodge, 2011). Some of the prescriptions of the Localism Bill have already been put into practice. Ministers have started giving councils greater financial freedom, by devolving ?7 billion more of government funding. They have removed burdens and bureaucratic controls so that they local governments can prioritize budgets to support public services in ways, which meet the priorities of local people and communities (Communities & Local Government, 2011).This is one way to enhance reform in the public sector, as it wi ll give more incentive for local governments to improve their services, and they will be transformed from recipients of policy, into actual initiators of one.1.4.4 VolunteerismAnother important tenet of the Big Society Project is the idea of volunteerism and civic associations. The new government has encouraged voluntary organizations and social enterprises, as another way to reform the public sector. Two of the key programmes, related to Big Society volunteerism are the National Citizens Service (NCS) and Community Organizers. These two programmes target thousands of volunteers of all age groups and different social backgrounds nationwide, and their participation in community projects in 2011 and 2012 (Cabinet self-confidence, 2011).The ideology behind volunterrism relates to associational democracy, which holds that democratization does not necessarily come from the state, but also from the citizenry, with its accumulated incentives and skills. As far as policy is concerned, both NCS and Community Organizers already exist as programmes. Whether efficacy has been achieved will be discussed in detail in the following chapters.In general, the Big Society is an opportunity for citizens to participate in the actual process of policy-making and to provide first-hand feedback to those responsible for legislation. The most important component of the Big Society is the financial autonomy of the local councils, because it will con important part in the allocation of budgets. Local councils know the needs of their residents better than the national government (Smith, 2010 Norman, 2011). Their financial plans will be much more realistic and sustainable, targeting the public sectors policies, which have the biggest demand and have been starved for resources in the past. Financial decentralization can bring not only better gauge of public sector services, but also more realistic response to the actual needs of the local residents.1.5 SummaryThis chapter has traced the historical and policy features of the idea of the Big Society, and has examined some of its basic tenets. The remaining chapters will examine in detail the feasibility of the Big Society as a form of political governance, which can defend local communities more involved in the policy-making process.Bibliography Baccaro, L. (2002) Civil Society Meets the State A Model of Associational commonwealth. International Labour Office Working Paper No. DP/138/2002. ready(prenominal) at SSRN http//ssrn.com/abstract=334860 or doi10.2139/ssrn.334860Retrieved 05.03.2012Bochel, H. & Defty, A. (2010) Safe as HouseConservative Social Policy, Public Opinion and fantan, The Political Quarterly, Vol 81, No 1, January-MarchBull, H. (1977). The Anarchical Society A Study of Order in World Politics. Basingstoke Palgrave MacmillianCabinet Office (2010) Government Launches Big Society Programme, 18 May, Available at http//www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/ intelligence agency/government-launches-big-society-progra mmeRetrieved 05.03.2012___________ (2010) Government Puts Big Society at the Heart of Public Sector Reform, 18 MayAvailable at http//www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/news/big-society-heart-public-sector-reformRetrieved 05.03.2012___________ (2010) Building the Big Society, Available at http//www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/building-big-society.pdfRetrieved 05.03.2012Cameron, D. (2010) Big Society Speech, Monday, 19 JulyAvailable at http//www.number10.gov.uk/news/speeches-and-transcripts/2010/07/big-society-speech-53572Retrieved 05.03.2012Cerny, P.G. (1990). The Changing Architecture of Politics Structure, Agency and the Future of the State, LondonCommunities and Local Government (2011) The Localism Bill marks a turning point, 7 June, Available at http//www.communities.gov.uk/news/corporate/1917316Retrieved 05.03.2012Della Porta, D. & Diani, M. (2006). Social Movements An Introduction. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK. p. 93-113Evans, K. (2011) Big Society in the UK A P olicy Review, Vol 25, Issue 2, pp. 164-171, MarchFriedman, M. (1962) The likeness between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom, Capitalism and Freedom. University of Chicago Press, pp. 7-17Available at http//www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ipe/friedman.htmRetrieved 05.03.2012Giddens, A. (1994) Beyond Left and Right. The Future of Radical Politics, Stanford University PressGramsci, A. (1971) Selections from the Prison Notebooks, Lawrence and WishartGrint, K. & Holt, C. (2011) leading(a) Questions If Total Place, Big Society and local leadership are the answers Whats the question?, Leadership, 7 (I) 85-98Hasan, M. (2010) The Sham of Camerons Big Society, current Statesman, 22 NovemberHodge, K. (2011) Localism bill passed, advice for the elderly and regeneration cash, Housing Network Blog, Guardian, 19 MayAvailable at http//www.guardian.co.uk/housing-network/2011/may/19/localism-bill-advice-elderly-regeneration-cashRetrieved 05.03.2012Huntington, S. P. (1991) Democracys Third Wave. The Journal of Democracy, 2(2)Inside Government (2011) Big Society 2011 Empowering Communities, Encouraging Social Action and Opening Up Public Services, 31 MarchAvailable at http//www.insidegovernment.co.uk/economic_dev/big-society-2011/Retrieved 05.03.2012Marquand, D. (2004) The Decline of the Public Hollowing Out Citizenship, Polity Press, CambridgeNorman, J. (2011) The Anatomy of the New Politics Buckingham University of Buckingham PressPutnam, R. (1995). Bowling Alone. Americas Declining Social Capital Journal of Democracy 6, 65-78Available at http//canonsociaalwerk.be/1995_Putnam/1995,%20Putnam,%20bowling%20alone.pdfRosenau, J.N. (1990) Turbulence in World Politics A Theory and Continuity, LondonScholte, J.A.(2006). Globalization a lively Introduction. Palgrave Macmilian, UK. p. 13-123Smith, M. (2010) From Big Government to Big Society Changing the StateSociety Balance, Parliamentary Affairs, Vol. 63, Issue 4, pp. 818-833Weber, M. (2004) Politics of the Civil Society, Cambrid ge Cambridge University Press

An Analysis of Plenty by Isabelle Dixon

Dixons verse form Plenty shows the relationship between a fret and her five daughters which, on a wider thought could be taken as a relationship between adults and children. The poet starts by telling us that they used to run riot and this was more than the cause could cope with. We be not told whether the behaviour was meant to annoy the mother or it was just a normal prank played and enjoyed by children. The situation in stanza is not a pleasant one as the poet gives us a grim picture of the situation they had to cope with.Water was a rare commodity and because of that they could not afford the luxuriousness of filling the old enamel a tub which we are told was age-stained and rusty. The reason for that is given in stanza two where the poet explains that there was persistent drought and dams were dry and windmills st alled. The most elicit thing about the description here is that she compares her mothers smile to the stalled windmill and the dry dam. One gets the impression that even though the mother was buoyant it lacked the warmth of a genuine smile.We are also made to understand that such a smile almost always came when she had done something wrong. She continues to tell us that her mother smiling at their faults was a ploy to keep them from being chaotic or mischievous. What we learn from this is that the mother did not do anything to scold the children perhaps because she knew shouting and jabber was not going to work. We are told that this situation was on-going. Added to all this was the fact the mother had to worry about how to provide the bare necessities of life for her children and ensure that there was diet on the table.Read also Critical appreciation of the poem Old Ladies Home.It was not a cheerful situation because each month was weeks alike big. This gives me the impression that the mother had to the sticky work of ensuring whatever little money she had could be sufficient for the month but this was not the case. Her mouth laid clamped hard on this shows us that the mother did not talk this aspect of her worries. She did not want the children to worry because she was worrying about how she was going to feed them. The first 4 stanzas paint a grim picture and describe a period of want when everything, including weewee, was in short supply.However, even though the situation was grim the mother made sure she bore everything in silence and concentrated on how to grant her children happy. By not scolding them unnecessarily and by being tranquilize with in times of misbehaviour she was able to cope. Stanza five begins with a litany of the pranks the poet and her sisters used to play. They skipped chores and when the mother was not near they indulged in the lovely sin of filling the bath beyond the recommended limit given by their mother. However, stanza five is also a discovery for the poet.She tells us that as children they did not understand why their mother had to impose those water restrictions or why sh e had to bother about every little prank they played. We thought her mean is enough to tell us that she has realized this. Stanza seven echoes the title of the poem as we are told how water is no longer in short supply. The poet can afford to stay in the bath for as long as she wishes and can fill the tub to the brim if she so wishes. The now at the beginning of the stanza tells us that the poets situation has changed.Unlike the past she is no a sybarite and devotes herself to luxury. It is as if she is saying do up for all the luxury she lost in childhood. The metaphor The showers a hot cascade describes vividly the poets feeling. She is comparing the shower to water fountain and not that that it is hot. She can even afford to leave the heating on. The last stanza begins with a feeling of nostalgia. The poet misses her sisters who, we can confidently say, are no longer staying with their mother. They have all moved on and perhaps enjoying the luxury of a filled bath tub.She even misses her mothers smile. Unlike in the past the mothers smile is full of mirth because the move dry times are over. We get the impression that their mothers suffering was due to their long childhood and now that they are able to fend for themselves most of the problems have gone. The mother is now happy and does not have to worry about a month which was weeks too long. A casual reading of the poem will make the reader think it is a reminiscence of someones childhood experiences. But underneath this surface lies the themes and messages the poet puts across.We learn that patience can help us deal with a lot of lifes everyday problems. Instead of adults taking their frustrations onto their children they should learn to cope with these frustrations. We also learn from the mothers reactions to the childrens behaviour that children must be allowed to be children and occasionally brought onto the straight class when necessary. The mother did not do anything that would have driven the c hildren away from home. She did not blame the children for the fact that she could not afford a luxurious for herself and the children.What she did is what every put up should learn she accepted her responsibility as a parent and understood that the children did not negotiate with her to come into the world. Her responsibility was to provide the physical, biological and emotional needfully of her children. It is also good that poet later realised the mother was not being mean after all. This is also a very important message for the callowness of today. They should understand that every parent wants the best for their children and even though they may see some of the decisions taken by adults as harsh in the long run it is for their own benefit.

“Comparing Male and Female Sports ” Eassy

ITCW 11/20/12 Essay from page381 5 Essay on Male and Female sports teams I personally agree with what the creator wrote about in his writing. If you take a look at how both men and women play sports, you will clearly see that not only argon men more than aggressive with the sports they play but they also treat each other more aggressively than girls do. If a guy was to be playacting football and dropped a pass chances are he will get a lot of grief from his teammates and they might harass him about it for weeks.While if a girl made a mistake playing her sport chances are the girls will try to friend her get better. Instead of showing her tough love desire their male counter parts would. For the guys I think they act how they act and show tough love and aggression to each other because they normally agree to fight and act tough with each other to stand out. Look how guys socialize they normally are insulting and calling each other names.Playing of gradation but none the less t hey do it, I believe some forum of that has just carried on to the sports they play. Also guys tend to break into groups more so than their female counter part. Guys who are good at a sport will usually hang out and socialize with other athletes who stand out, departure the ones who are not as good behind. For girls like I said in my previous paragraph, they normally can keep their cool and know how to piffle to each other better during the heat of the moment unlike the guys.This is typically due to the fact that like I previously said the girls tend to succor each other more then the guys do. While the guys are cirdasizing each other the girls who are the stand out stars are helping the girls who are not as good as them. Which in the long run might make it so the girls get a better understanding of the meaning squad Sports? There are also other reasons one must remember when comparing male and female sports teams.For instance Guys normally have to act a certain trend and out d o his male counter parts when he is in the work field to stand out or heretofore receive a promotion, While normally girls wont have to act as cut throat as guys in the work field. Which could relieve why girl sports teams show more team sportsmanship? All in all both male and female act a certain way when they play sports Now when it comes to how they act, that all just depends on how mature they are and how they are as a person.Me personally I think more so for guys, when they are in the middle of a football game or basketball and a teammate makes a critical mistake. They might over contradict or say something that might sound a bit harsh but one must remember they are In the heat of bout. So typically what is being said isnt always how they truly feel about each other. I also believe that girls have more pations then guys do and are more willing to help someone who isnt as good as them. So that is why girl teams help each other more and show more team sportsmanship.

Human Geography

Bright lights, colorful signs, and delicious smells, all are things that may be piece in an ethnic vicinity. An ethnic neighborhood is a neighborhood, where the majority, if not all the population is of the same belief, and follows the same religion. champion of the most well-known neighborhoods in scratch is Chinatown. Chinatown has many cultural traits that set it aside from neighboring areas however there is perpetually a looming threat of internal and external threats to its culture. China town receive many cultural traditions and customs. One major cultural trait is the color red.In Chinese culture, red signifies happiness, prosperity, and wad. Many buildings have a very generous practice of red. Doorways, walls, and even windows covers have been painted red. other cultural style was having curved roofs. Buddhists in China believed in having ghosts, spirits, and demons. Evil spirits and demons bring bad luck to households, and were believed to try to torment the people in the dwellings. To counteract this, Buddhists believed curved roofs warded evil spirits. Because of this belief in china, it was also migrated into Chinatown.Many roofs in china town had curves on the edges. One last trait is the Chinese festival of lights. On Chinese New Years, during the festival, paper lanterns were lit. In addition to this, the elderly were considered to be the most wise, so on New Years they were addressed to first. Chinatown has many different cultural traits, and because of an intercity location, it is always under constant threat. One way it can be affected is via external threats. External threats can impact many ethnic neighborhoods. They can disrupt the established customs residents are used to.One such typesetters case is the migration of sensitive people with different cultural heritages. Because Chinatown is in a mid-city location, people are constantly moving and entering the area. In the future, it is possible that a new group of people will move into what is now china town. Western business like Walgreens, target, and Wal-Mart disrupt the local culture. They introduce modern conveniences that the neighborhood may not have had before. Although many of those stores had signs in Chinese, it doesnt change the effect the stores had on the neighborhoods.While external threats are a looming danger, they are not the just now threat. Internal threats also can compromise the established local structure. There are many internal threats prevalent as well. As people make love life in the U. S, or experience other culture, they may want to integrate the new culture into their own. One such example is with kids. When kids go to school, they graceful people of other cultures, and beliefs. Over time, they may think that an aspect of their beliefs is better than their own. This can cause a recession in the local culture of an area. Another internal threat is that of movement.As kids grow older they may get bored of their surroundings and decide to move out. When people move, buildings generally become open for sale, and oft for low prices. These vacancies are enticing to many people who are seeking a home. This can greatly disrupt a neighborhood, as suddenly what was antecedently a Chinese neighborhood, is now half polish. One last example is with oriental Chinese food. Asian dishes are generally spicy, with many herbs. People much change recipe to fit the American palette. Over time Chinese-American may come to enjoy the new Americanized flavor more.Chinatown has many cultural traits that set it apart from neighboring areas however there is always a looming threat of internal and external threats to its culture. People can move in, American businesses can set computer memory and disrupt the traditions, but people can also move out, or take aspects of other cultures and integrate them into their own. The local culture of an ethnic neighborhood is always under threat, in the modern world. Placelessness s used to describe areas with no distinctive features. Many areas are combating this by building houses with older, less modern styles, to describe them from all the new houses.

Enlightenment Period and the Scientific Revolution Essay

The relationship between the development of the Enlightenment Period and the scientific Revolution was that the Scientific Revolution was an side of the Enlightenment on a whole. The Scientific Revolution helped in the process of the Enlightenment by bringing brisk advances in areas such as Nicolas Copernicus and his new surmisal that would soon discarded the old geocentric theory that placed the Earth at the center of the solar administration and replaced it with a heliocentric theory in which the Earth was simply one of a number of planets orbiting the sun. Another great advancement during the Scientific Revolution was in the field of astronomy. Johannes Kepler proved the orbits of the planets were elliptical, only when was unable to come up with an effective model of the solar system. That was left to Galileo, who in 1630 published his Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World, in which he supported the Copernican, or heliocentric theory of the humans, and denounced the Aristotelian system, which maintained the geocentric theory. Galileo supported his claims with elaborate evidence derived from the study of natural philosophy.Also the acquisitions made in math and physics were revolutionary. In the form of the development of algebra, trigonometry, the advance of geometry and the linkage of form and motion with quantifiable numeric care fors undertaken by Rene Descartes. Armed with these tools, the science of physics began to advance rapidly. The primary concepts changing social mores marked the beginning of the Enlightenment, as individualism, which stressed the importance of the individual and his rights as a citizen. Relativism, which was the concept that different ideas, cultures, beliefs, and value systems had equal merit. And rationalism, which was the conviction that using the power of reason, humans could arrive at truth and make progress toward improving human life. These views gained widespread adherence in the wake of the Scientific Revolution, the Age of Exploration, the weakening of traditional religion, and the decline of monarchical rule. either of these trends served to prepare Europe for the Enlightenment period. One key achievement during the Scientific Revolution was John Lockes writings of the (Second Treatise on Civil Government) Lockes writing argued that a government run by the people was the beast system for us to live by. Lockes writings remain as fresh and popular today as when he wrote them in 1688. Another key achievement during the Scientific Revolution was Sir Isaac Newtons theories on astronomy that went a step further and formulated anaccurate comprehensive model of the workings of the universe based on the law of universal gravitation. Newton explained his theories in the 1687 revolutionary work called simply the Principia. This work also went along way toward developing calculus.The disparity in the perspective of Catholics and Protestants during the Enlightenment was very little. Both c ults felt that any idea or ideals that might elevate man to a level of self-importance realization or thinking that might deviate from that of the church views was both dangerous and unholy. In response to this, the church ordered genocide and mass ache upon those who it deemed outside of gods word. Do you think that there are similar cultural or religious barriers against scientific discovery today? All I can say is this. Despite scientific and physical truths of dinosaurs and the Ice Age, masses of people refuse to believe that the earth in older than a few thousand years But then, they also worship blindly to a silent god.Works cited.(1) Western Humanities Vol. II fifth variation(2) (The Panorama of the Renaissance) Edited by Margaret Aston, Abradale Press(3) Various internet research sites.

The Lion and the Mouse

A Kion was awakened from sleep by a Mouse streamlet over his face. Rising up angrily, he caught him and was ab come in to kill him, when the Mouse piteously entreated, saying If you would only spare my life, I would be sure to hark back your kindness. The Lion laughed and let him go. It happened shortly after this that the Lion was caught by some hunters, who bound him by st ropes to the ground. The Mouse, recognizing his roar, came gnawed the rope with his teeth, and set him free, exclaim You ridiculed the idea of my ever creation able to serve well you, expecting to receive from me any repayment of your favor I now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse to con benefits on a Lion. In The Lion and the Mouse fable, the audience open fire not only be young generation, but also old generation. In this item fable, young generation can get some benefits, such as how to trust other people, how can we let other people trust us, what can the young people do to the old people, and what is the importance of having friends.In the other side, the older generation can use this fable to dress their children by presentation them how great friends can help them in the difficult or impressments situation. The fable prevent from being seen is that the young people can not only help the old people, but also they can do something valuable to society, such as creating new technology and developing an old system. As people outgrowth up, they tend to think that they are becoming stronger and they could do anything they want, which tend to be wrong. They should use their power to protect their families and help other people.For example, if you go to work out every day to build your muscles, you become a strong man that can carry heavy things or equipment. However, some strong men when they rescue the right or if someone did something bad and he did not mean to, they would hurt him and sometime they would kill him. The idea is really oblivious, which is the people are in this life is to help each other, thats mean the Vulnerable people can help the people who have the power is one way or the other, so the people who has power should not hurt Vulnerable people because you may need their help in the future.

Learning and Determination Essay

What keeps you motivated to go the purposeless mile even when you want to give up? What helps you get through hard time and fill everything you want? conclusion is why we get up in the morning. It is what drives us to do what we want to do. Every single is dictated by his or her own determination to be successful in life. The people that are mulish to achieve various goals in life are known to succeed in all areas of their life. conclusion isnt a word that you green goddess define with a sentence, it is a word that has plenty divergent meanings.People leave behind al focuss tell you that you cant specify it, and that you arent good enough. They will try to bring you down, so you wont reach your highest potential. When I was in middle school, one of my teachers told me that I wouldnt pass eighth grade and that I didnt have it in me to make it to college. I conceived her at the time.Throughout middle school, I was in a program where they helped students with learning disabi lities. I was in this program, called Discovery. I always thought that I was unintelligent and couldnt do anything on my own. Hence, I believed my teacher and had that mindset throughout middle school. As I got older, I well-educated that people learned differently from other people. It might have taken me longer to learn the subject, but I lastly learned it. Since then, I have been determined to prove that teacher wrong and to prove to myself that I can make it as I long as I order the work in. finis elbow room to have a strong intention to achieve a certain purpose to have a strong will power to finish anything you put your mind. Determination is putting everything you have to make yourself better. Determination is putting the extra work in to further yourself. In my family, every person is musically gifted. My parents believe that each kid should know how to play one instrument, if not more. Therefore, when I was in fifth grade, I was obligated to start playing an instrument.I chose to play the clarinet. Learning to play the clarinet was very hard. I was the slash player out of the clarinet section I sucked. The other students in the band were learning their instrument fine fast. I started to feel left out because I couldnt keep up with them. At times I wanted to quit, but I didnt. I stuck with it. I started to practice every single day. I asked my mother if she could arrange for me to have private lessons. I was determined to get better, so I did everything a fifth grader could. All the extra time I put in, started to pay off. I was working my way to being the first chair in the clarinet section and just becoming a great musician.Determination is one of the greatest assets we can possess. It can bring the best out in us. Determination is the spear we use to defeat discouragement. My teacher told me that I would never be anything. So, I am determined to put everything I have into school and every aspect of my life. Determination is the instrument we u se to overcome picture failures to prevent failures from becoming permanent. Determination is what we have to set goals and achieve them. I wanted to be a great clarinet player, so I put the work in and reached my goal. I was determined to be the best, and thats what I achieved. Determination is the key to be successful. It drives us to be the best person we can perchance be.

Accounting Test 2

Exam Chapters 3,4,7 school-age child1. Which of the pastime is the correct formula to compute the predetermined belt cast? A. Estimated intact unit of measurements in the apportionment base divided by estimated core manufacturing disk overhead lives. B. Estimated total manufacturing overhead speak tos divided by estimated total units in the allocation base. C. Actual total manufacturing overhead cost divided by estimated total units in the allocation base. D.Estimated total manufacturing overhead costs divided by true(a) total units in the allocation base.2. Which of the following would probably be the least appropriate allocation base for allocating overhead in a highly automated manufacturer of specialty valves? A. Machine-hours B. Power consumption C. Direct labor-hours D. Machine setups3. Which equipment casualty will make the following statement true? When manufacturing overhead is over utilise, the Manufacturing Overhead figure has a __________ remainder and appl ied manufacturing overhead is greater than __________ manufacturing overhead.A. debit, actual B. credit, actual C. debit, estimated D. credit, estimated4. Daguio Corporation uses lineal labor-hours in its predetermined overhead rate. At the beginning of the year, the total estimated manufacturing overhead was $224,580. At the end of the year, actual direct labor-hours for the year were 18,200 hours, manufacturing overhead for the year was on a lower floorapplied by $12,100, and the actual manufacturing overhead was $219,580. The predetermined overhead rate for the year must ease up been closest to A. $11. 40 per machine-hour B. $12. 34 per machine-hourC. $12. 06 per machine-hour D. $10. 53 per machine-hour5. Crinks Corporation uses direct labor-hours in its predetermined overhead rate. At the beginning of the year, the estimated direct labor-hours were 11,200 hours and the total estimated manufacturing overhead was $259,840. At the end of the year, actual direct labor-hours for th e year were 10,800 hours and the actual manufacturing overhead for the year was $254,840. Overhead at the end of the year was A. $4,280 overapplied B. $9,280 overapplied C. $9,280 underapplied D. $4,280 underapplied6.Washtenaw Corporation uses a lineage-order be organisation. The following data are for last year Washtenaw applies overhead using a predetermined rate found on direct labor-hours. What predetermined overhead rate was employ last year? A. $3. 55 per direct labor-hour B. $3. 25 per direct labor-hour C. $3. 08 per direct labor-hour D. $3. 36 per direct labor-hour7. A company should use fulfil cost, earlier than job order cost, if A. production is only partially completed during the accounting period. B. the product is manufactured in batches only as orders are received.C. the product is composed of mass-produced homogeneous units. D. the product goes through several(prenominal) steps of production.8. Which of the following characteristics applies to process costing, but does not apply to job order costing? A. The take aim for averaging. B. The use of kindred units of production. C. Separate, identifiable jobs. D. The use of predetermined overhead rates.9. The cost of beginning document under the weighted-average method is A. added in with current period costs in determining costs per equivalent unit for a given period. B. gnored in determining the costs per equivalent unit for a given period. C. considered severally from costs incurred during the current period. D. subtracted from current period costs in determining costs per equivalent unit for a given period.10. The Nichols Company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The company recorded 29,500 equivalent units for transformation costs for November in a particular department. There were 6,000 units in the ending work in process inventory on November 30, 75% complete with respect to conversion costs.The November 1 work in process inventory consisted of 8,000 u nits, 50% complete with respect to conversion costs. A total of 25,000 units were completed and transferred out(p) of the department during the calendar month. The number of units started during November in the department was A. 24,500 units B. 23,000 units C. 27,000 units D. 21,000 units11. Diston Company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The initiative processing department, the Welding Department, started the month with 18,000 units in its beginning work in process inventory that were 30% complete with respect to conversion costs.The conversion cost in this beginning work in process inventory was $44,820. An additional 90,000 units were started into production during the month. There were 21,000 units in the ending work in process inventory of the Welding Department that were 10% complete with respect to conversion costs. A total of $677,970 in conversion costs were incurred in the department during the month. What would be the cost per equivalent unit for conversion costs for the month? (Round off to three decimal places. ) A. $8. 112 B. $8. 300 C. $7. 533 D. $6. 10812.Sanchez Corporation uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The adjustment Department is the second department in its production process. The data below summarize the departments operations in March. The Fitting Departments cost per equivalent unit for conversion cost for March was $8. 66. How much conversion cost was assigned to the units transferred out of the Fitting Department during March? A. $480,630 B. $450,320 C. $444,258 D. $510,94013. Designing a new product is an eccentric of (an) A. Unit-level activity. B. Batch-level activity. C. Product-level activity. D. Organization-sustaining activity.14. McCaskey Corporation uses an activity-based costing system with the following three activity cost kittens The Other activity cost pool is used to accumulate costs of idle capacity and organization-sustaining costs. The company has p rovided the following data concerning its costs The distribution of preference consumption across activity cost pools is given below The activity rate for the Fabrication activity cost pool is closest to A. $1. 65 per machine-hour B. $4. 00 per machine-hour C. $0. 0 per machine-hour D. $2. 40 per machine-hour15. Christiansen Corporation uses an activity-based costing system with the following three activity cost pools The Other activity cost pool is used to accumulate costs of idle capacity and organization-sustaining costs. The company has provided the following data concerning its costs The distribution of resource consumption across activity cost pools is given below The activity rate for the Order touch on activity cost pool is closest to A. $676 per order B. $780 per order C. $560 per order D. $312 per order16.Bossie Corporation uses an activity-based costing system with three activity cost pools. The company has provided the following data concerning its costs and its activi ty based costing system How much cost, in total, would be allocated in the first-stage allocation to the Assembly activity cost pool? A. $196,333 B. $209,000 C. $310,000 D. $155,00017. Spendlove Corporation has provided the following data from its activity-based costing system The company makes 430 units of product S78N a year, requiring a total of 1,120 machine-hours, 40 orders, and 30 inspection-hours per year.The products direct materials cost is $49. 81 per unit and its direct labor cost is $12. 34 per unit. The product sells for $129. 90 per unit. According to the activity-based costing system, the product margin for product S78N is A. $4,116. 50 B. $29,132. 50 C. $6,180. 50 D. $5,161. 3018. Wecker Corporation uses the following activity rates from its activity-based costing to assign overhead costs to products Data concerning devil products appear below How much overhead cost would be assigned to Product V09X using the activity-based costing system? A. 157. 87 B. $91,722. 47 C. $10,385. 22 D. $5,485. 5019. The balance in the Work in Process account equals A. the balance in the Finished Goods inventory account. B. the balance in the Cost of Goods Sold account. C. the balances on the job cost sheets of uncompleted jobs. D. the balance in the Manufacturing Overhead account.20. Overapplied manufacturing overhead occurs when A. applied overhead exceeds actual overhead. B. applied overhead exceeds estimated overhead. C. actual overhead exceeds estimated overhead. D. budgeted overhead exceeds actual overhead.

Ge Matrix Essay

Gg General Electric screen ground substance (the General Electric (GE) trade screen) The GE screen matrix is essentially a derivation of the capital of Massachusetts Consulting Groups Boston growth matrix. It was developed by McKinsey and Co. for General Electric as it had been recognize that the Boston Consulting Group matrix was not flexible enough to take broader issues into account. The GE matrix cross-references trade attractiveness and business position using three criteria for individually high, medium and low.The commercialise attractiveness considers variables relating to the market itself, including the rate of market growth, market size, potential barriers to entering the market, the account and size of competitors, the actual profit margins presently enjoyed, and the technological implications of involvement in the market. The business position criteria look at the businesss strengths and weaknesses in a variety of fields. These include its position in relation t o its competitors, and the businesss ability to grapple returnion research, victimization and ultimate deed.It also considers how well placed the management is to deploy these resources. The matrix differs in its complexity comp ard with the Boston Consulting Group matrix. Superimposed on the basic diagram are a number of circles. These circles are of variable size (see Figure 22). The size of to each one represents the size of each market. Within each circle is a clearly defined segment which represents the businesss market share inwardly that market. The larger the circle, the larger the market, and the larger the segment, the larger the market share.General surround The term general purlieu refers to the broad macro-environment in which a business operates. Broadly speaking, it can be identified as having quaternity key elements, as outlined in Table 10. 98 Key Concepts in strategical prudence Business position High Invest heavily for growth High Medium Invest selectiv ely and pattern Low work up for income Market attractiveness Medium Invest selectively and build Develop selectively for income Harvest or divest Figure 22 Low Develop selectively and build on strengthsHarvest Divest The General Electric (GE) matrix Table 10 Elements of the general environment Political/legal Potential/actual changes in regulations/legislation Foreign trade regulations Environmental security measure Changes in government (local/regional/national) Technological pertly development inside and outside the industry New product development Technological projects in the industry Industry (and government) spending on research and development G Economic GNP growth Finance/market trends Inflation Interest rates money upply Employment/unemployment Energy issues Socio-cultural Population trends Age distribution Regional movement of population Demographics of the family Lifestyle Consumerism geographic mental synthesis 99 The most rapid of these trends in the general enviro nment are technological and policy-making/legal. The slowest moving are the economic and the socio-cultural. Geographical structure The organizational structure of a study business could be establish purely on geographical regions.This could reflect the following possibilities that the market is sufficiently remote to warrant a replication of the organizational structure in its geographical region that the factors of production are sufficiently attractive to set up a geographically-based structure that the market requires specific second that can only be delivered in the geographical region and not from the remote central plate of the organization. world(a) sphere structureA world-wide area structure configures the organization along the master(prenominal) areas (geographically) in which it operates. Typically, the globe would be split up into a series of general areas such that the business can assume that all functions can be carried out by a centralized plate within each region. The configuration may take the form depicted in Figure 23. somatic HQ (in home country and serving home country Northern atomic number 63 Southern Europe and Near East Pacific region G Figure 23 A world(prenominal) area structure globose learningGlobal learning is a process by which a transnational organization ensures that skills and knowledge flow freely between the different parts of the business across the world, heedless of national boundaries. Global learning can take the following routes 100 Key Concepts in Strategic Management from the home country to an overseas division or footslogger from an overseas division or subsidiary to another overseas division or subsidiary from an overseas division or subsidiary to the home country. Global matrix structureA globose matrix structure is essentially a crosswise differentiation along product divisions and geographical divisions. In other words, to visualize the organization structure, product groups are placed on a vertical axis and the foreign divisions are placed on a horizontal axis. It allows businesses to reduce costs by increasing efficiency, and to differentiate their activities with innovation and responsiveness. The feature of the global matrix structure is that there is dual decisionmaking responsibility, as there is both a divisional and an area hierarchy.The system is not without its problems, as many organizations consider this form of structure to be rather cumbersome and bureaucratic. There is also the question of slow decision making and a lack of flexibility. Several global businesses have sought to overcome the problems by basing their organizational structure on wide networks with a dual-lane culture and vision, and stressing that the informal structures are more important than the formal structure itself. These forms of organizational structure are known as flexible matrix structures.Egelhoff, W. G. , Strategy and Structure in Multinational Corporations a edict of the Stopford and Wells Model, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 9 (1988), pp. 114. Global product group structure A global product group structure is a variant organizational structure which has product groups along a vertical axis and foreign (overseas) divisions, or business units, on a horizontal axis. The primary purpose of the product group structure is G to to to to to educe costs through change magnitude efficiency differentiate the organizations areas of activity utilize any innovations or technologies improve guest service increase the speed of responses. Typically, the structure would appear in the format shown in Figure 24. Global strategic alliances A global strategic alliance is usually formed by two or more organiza- Global strategic provision 101 Corporate HQ Product division A Product division B International division Japan India Brazil Figure 24 A global product group structure ions from different countries. Typically, this involves the allocation of resour ces from these businesses based in different countries, to a new project or venture which they seek to undertake, using cooperative methods and the pooling of expertise and experience. The purpose of global strategic alliances is to create synergy accomplish more than could be achieved had the businesses been operating independently coordinate private road gain and share technologies gain entry into an overseas market.Major multinational businesses routinely enter into global strategic alliances as an integral part of their corporate strategy and the practice has become widespread in recent years. See also green-field investment. G Global strategic planning Global strategic planning aims to maximize global economies of scale and economies of scope, while at the same time incorporating the advantages of local responsiveness to customers in the countries in which the organization operates. 102 Key Concepts in Strategic Management There are three briny steps towards achieving glo bal strategic planning The development of a inwardness business strategy which forms the radix of attempts to create a sustainable competitive advantage (a replica of what has been achieved in the home market). The internationalization of this core strategy the adaptation of the core strategy to overseas markets, along with expansion as necessary. The globalization of the international core strategy which seeks to integrate the strategy in all of the countries in which the business operates. Yip, G. S. , Total Global Strategy Managing for Worldwide Competitive Advantage.Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, 2002. Global strategy A global strategy is a lot adopted by an international business in order to increase its profitability by pickings advantage not only of cost reductions that come from experience curve effects, but also of economies based on the location of parts of its operations. Typically a global strategy will consider the better(p) alternative areas in which to c oncentrate research and development, marketing or production, choosing the most beneficial location for each of these key operations.In essence a global strategy can be called a multi-domestic strategy, in as much as the international business seeks to maximize its worldwide military operation through increase any local competitive advantages, revenues or profits it can achieve. Equally, global strategies seek to maximize performance through integration and a sharing of resources. Stonehouse, George, Hamill, Jim, Campbell, David and Purdie, Tony, Global and Transnational Business Strategy and Management. New York toilet Wiley, 2004. G Global web

Immigration During the Industrial Revolution

Immigration during the Industrial Revolution Immigration was a huge part of the industrial revolution, nigh migrated legal, roughly illegal. Either way, m all immigrants came to the United States searching for a dream, the American dream to be precise. This leads to the head word Why did people immigrate to America? There can be umpteen answers to this question, but some of the close to important answers are political, others economic, while yet others religious, whatever the case was, the United States became a potpourri of different cultures.However, the main reason for immigration was because of the Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution is basically the multifariousnesss in industry from the 18th century to the 19th century that started in Britain and then other Western European countries and spread to the Unites States. Without the growth in Industry however, Many Immigrants cannot migrate to the United States. For example without the engineering improvements in ship building, many ships could not make it past the long journey through the ocean.The industrial revolution gave many Immigrants the chance to travel to the United States where they were able to get jobs working in railroads, factories, potato picking, or any other jobs industries enabled them to do. In the 1750s, most people in Europe lived on small farms and made most of their need by hand. As the industrial revolution started, many people lived in cities and most of their needs were produced by complicated machines. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread to Belgium, France, Germany, the United States and Japan.It was an important change in the way goods were produced, and improved the way people lived. The Industrial Revolution is a major play point in world history. Im sure by now you are intercommunicate What caused industrial revolution? Agricultural Revolution or agriculture revolution was a change in farming methods that allowed greater take of food. T his huge change was caused by the use of new farming technology such as seed drill (Machine that plants seeds) and improved fertilizers. The outcome of this farming change was higher entree of food.The enclosure Movement also forced people into Industrial Revolution for example farmers who worked in the farming industry where replaced by farming machines and where left homeless forced to find new jobs in the industrial revolution. Big business was also a change that created Mass Production. Mass Production shifted people from production at home, to production in large factories in cities. Mass production also allowed for lower prices on the good produced. In 1892, the government made an immigration station on Ellis Island, in a utter between New York and Jersey City, New Jersey.Every day, hundreds or even thousands of people arrived by boat and range through inspections as they arrived, potential immigrants were escorted through a quick health exam. As immigrants climbed up a set of stairs, officials watched for symptoms of illnesses, heavy breathing, and signs of mental disturbances. These were indications that the person might not be able to find or maintain a job. Doctors then gave a six second physical and checked for diseases, including a contractable eye infection called trachoma.Sick people were sent to a hospital on Ellis Island to be treated, and escorted through the same immigration process again. After the physical checkup, potential immigrants were asked a series of questions by immigration inspectors. liveliness as an immigrant in the U. S was not all that great. First, they had to learn English for many immigrants they had to put up with going to school and at the same time working which was very exhausting in a situation like this. No one put up signs or notices in other languages for them. This is why learning English was the most important process.Then, they had to get work, because the government didnt give money to anyone. They had to earn it themselves No one cut them any breaks if you were a different nationality. The Italians and Irish were especially subject to cruelty and where paid less sometimes because of their nationality. Swedish and German immigrants many of these made their way to Wisconsin and Minnesota. They established dairy farms, in particular, and also grew wheat. In this part of the country, there are hundreds of Lutheran churches that they founded, as most of these immigrants were, if not Lutheran, Protestants.In conclusion, many immigrants migrated to the United States for various reasons and went through the hardest situations to live the American dream. Some immigrants where successful and managed to live their dreams as an American but others struggled through the hardest situations and went through cruelty and discrimination. All of this was caused by nothing more than the changes in the industrial revolution and the huge impact on many people that had to migrate to places like cities to not be affected by this change.