Best Novel of the Twentieth Century Essay

Best Novel of the Twentieth Century Alfred Nobel gave his last name to one of the most prestigious literature prizes today. He specified that the award should go to ‘the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work in the ideal direction’ (Cited in Danson & Gupta, 2005) Over the years the criteria the prize was awarded on kept on changing along with the changing times. â€Å"In 1964, the French philosopher, novelist and playwright Jean-Paul Sarte voluntarily declined the Nobel Prize. † (Danson and Gupta, 2005, p. 212) The prize for the best novel of the twentieth century will follow guidelines that perhaps even Sartre would consider just and accept the prize if it were offered to him. Today, the Nobel Prize is regarded as one of the highest honors in literature but there was a period in history when Sartre’s refusal threatened its universality of honor. Five years later, Samuel Beckett received the award and the Nobel Prize gained back some of its authority as a universal honor. Becket had contemplated whether he should accept the award or not because he realized the recent controversy arisen by Sarte’s rejection but did not want to simply mimic his actions. (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 213-4) â€Å"The Booker Prize was launched in 1968 to provide a benchmark for the ‘best of contemporary British fiction’ by awarding a prize for what was deemed to be, in the joint opinion of the judges selected by the management committee, the most outstanding novel by a ‘British or Commonwealth writer’ in any given year. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 295) Tom Maschler found the booker prize and can be viewed as a successful marketer of his time. His goal was to ensure that serious British fiction gains market share through public relation-ing efforts, specifically, the use of touch programs. He did for books back in the 1960’s for books, what people do for movies now: create a lot of hype before the release date, a lot of publicity, and going big at the box office. Stated by Iyer in 1993, â€Å"the Booker [had become] London’s way of formally commemorating and coronating literary tradition †¦ the closest thing in writing to the movies’ Academy† (cited in Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 295) â€Å"Plato suggests that literature is not an end in itself; it has a broader social responsibility which imposes a duty on poets to make sure that their works are not immoral or untrue. Poetry and art in general have fundamental responsibilities to the society that produces them. If poets are unwilling to tether their imitations of life to the demands of that society, Plato argues, then they should be kicked out of the republic. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 4) This idea by Plato is the concept behind instrumentalism. If Plato was alive today, he would condone ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ all the way. Just like any big corporation should be held responsible for what its actions are outside of producing a certain product or service, Plato believed that poet was responsible for what he was producing. In reality, Corporate Social Responsibility, if analyzed in the long run, can be the best thing for a company. If a company carries out its duties other than delivering a great product to society, it gains the people’s trust, maintains goodwill, and cashes in on the steady profits in the long term. In the same light, according to Plato, a poet must create poetry responsibly and cater to the needs and demands of his society. In doing this, the poet must create works that might eventually become simply a thing that society demands. By doing this, literature looses its essence and becomes simply what the public wants but to create continuously what the public wants and have it accepted by them is an art of its own. To observe the cycle like this, Plato’s simple theory of producing work responsibly becomes producing work to cater to a specific demand, which then becomes a sort of artistic economics, and simply a work of beauty like Oscar Wilde’s. For this reason, instrumentalism or aestheticism alone cannot be the judge of good literature. Basically, both the Nobel and Booker were found to expand British literature, the former by means of transforming the judging criteria from time to time and the later by 21st century marketing tactics. â€Å"A neo-Kantian might advise the Nobel or Booker judges as follows: derive your standards for judging literary works themselves rather than by following extant rules of literary judgment; look to exemplary works of genius for guidance in judging the work before you; treat such works as models, and never reduce them to a list of determinate rules, formulae or precepts. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 203) Keeping in mind the advice given by the neo-Kantian the new prize for the best novel of the twentieth century will weigh the literatures strength according to its aesthetics, instruments, and modernist views. The goal of the prize is not to simply canonize a work of literature or deem it best because beauty is a more important characteristic than content or vice versa. The goal is to view the work for it is, just like a human being, and appreciate what it intends to do or tell. Like the age old example of ‘apples and oranges’, the prize will look at each work for what it is. A work may not be deemed the best simply because it is more inclined towards Wilde’s criteria or Plato’s criteria. No one will be thrown out of ‘The Republic’ but instead the competition will be different because the apples will be competing against the other apples and the oranges against the other but not against each others. In other words, a work may be the best aesthetic piece of literature or the best instrumentalist literature. The winner will be the work which tells of something deeply moving and presents new ideas that are life changing way in the most beautiful manner possible. The winner will the perfect blend of apples and oranges and the runner up will be the best apple, the best orange, or the less perfect blend of the two. â€Å"†¦Writers such as Oscar Wilde and Joris-Karl Huysmans advocated a view of art which denied that it should have any moral, political or social function. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 4) Cuddon stated in 1982 that â€Å"art for art’s sake† (cited in Danson and Gupta, 2005) was the fundamental of aestheticism. When we consider Virginia Woolf’s novel Orlando, it has all the elements of beautifully portrayed writing and meaning and content. What causes this text to be the winner of the prize for the best book of the twentieth century is that as time went on, the books purpose and meaning evolved. â€Å"In a survey of the Nobel Prize, Kjell Espmark (1999) discerns the following phases: from 1901 to 1912, prizes were given to writers who demonstrated ‘a lofty and sound idealism’; from 1912 to 1920, a ‘literary policy of [political] neutrality’ was followed; in the 1920s, award winners were marked as a possessing a classical ‘great style’; in the 1930s, ‘universal interest’ was considered key; from 1946 to 1977, writers were chosen who had made a ‘pioneering’ contribution; from 1978 to 1985, attention was given to ‘unknown masters’; from 1986 onwards, the emphasis had been on recognizing the literary productions of the ‘whole world’†(Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 211) Unlike the Nobel prize and its changing criteria over the years, Orlando was viewed differently as time went on. â€Å"We read Orlando now most often as a feminist work that explores the boundaries of gender and sexuality and the limits of women writers within literary history, or as a sharp critique on the possibilities of biography. But Orlando was often first read by its contemporary audience as a gossipy portrait of Vita Sackville-West. †(Tetterton, 1995) When the novel was first written it was a mere work of comedic art with no instrumental purpose but to paint a certain portrait of someone. Virginia Woolf’s writing is difficult to read and understand because of the transitions she makes and her style of writing. Back in the day, this novel was, â€Å"†¦taken as the delightful joke that Woolf herself claimed it to be. It was a hugely successful joke — not just critically, but financially as well, both in England and America. It was Orlando that enabled the Woolf’s to purchase their first car, and it put them on stable financial footing for the rest of their lives. † (Tetterton, 1995) The novel perhaps served an instrumental purpose to the Woold family but not society, it was viewed as a work of fiction and no action was taken against it because of the hints of lesbianism since the main character was a man when he fell in love the princess. This work could be simply viewed as ‘art for the sake of art’ at the time by the audience but it had a greater purpose. Some say that it was a secretly a love letter to the woman Virginia Woolf loved. When we read Orlando now we pay more attention to the gender issues present in the book. The book was not viewed as an important work I feminine and lesbian literature back in the day because none of the feminist movements had occurred yet. When we look at the work now we can’t help but get a sense of what Woolf was really trying to say. It was only in the later years that the work evolved from simply aesthetical and comical to instrumental. Woolf shed’s light on the issue of lesbianism and gets away with it in the era where other writers were being banned for bringing up the same subjects. She fulfils the purpose of feministic liberation because after the 300 years the main character becomes a liberated and free woman in the early nineties. These demands were initially not required by society and no one but Virginia and her contemporaries who felt the same way craved the need for someone to bring about this revolution. Today, Virginia Woolf’s Orlando caters to the demands of society and the feminist revolution that is still shaping itself and the freedom of exploring one’s sexuality freely. Virginia created the perfect blend of aestheticism and instrumentalism with the aide of time. In the century that it was written in, the novel served its aesthetic purpose and in the next century it the audience learnt to look at its real instrumental purpose. Woolf created this perfect blend and proved that she was two steps ahead of the whole world. She was a modernist because she re-evaluated where society currently stood and where it needed to go and through what means. Woolf paved a way for future writers to explore new territory and have the freedom of self expression. One argument presented by Kelly Tetterton at the The Fifth Annual Virginia Woolf Conference at Otterbein College, June 18, 1995 is that the segue the audience made from the comical to the serious category is through the publication method of the book. She points out, â€Å"Partly yes — we are far more sensitive to issues of gender than those readers of long ago because it’s now part of our social consciousness; even those who might disagree with such a critical approach must now acknowledge the validity of the approach itself. And partly no — we are simply reacting to what we’re given to read. Take a look at the most recent paperback covers for Orlando — one from Harcourt Brace Jovanovich and one from the Quality Paperback Book Club. Anyone casually glancing at these covers is likely to suspect that issues of gender and sexuality are involved in the text beneath the covers. The 1973 HBJ paperback gives us two almost identical figures, one male and one female, divided by a clock; the 1993 QBC book cover is more abstract, but there’s a prominent pink triangle on its spine and back. If we are better readers today, it’s because we have some help from the publishers. † (1995) The second half of her argument is valid because the pictures or hype that surrounds a text greatly affect how a work of literature is viewed. The different publications have a sort of Booker Prize affect on the audience. The different paperback version somewhat manipulates what’s inside and this factor can be used to sway the judgment about the work greatly. Nevertheless, the publication or marketing aspects do not take away from the book itself because part one of the argument presented by Tetterton is just as valid and in sync with the entire critique of the book making it the best book of the twentieth century. â€Å"In 1934, the first issue of the British journal Left Review published a position statement by the Writers’ International, a group of radical writers. The statement included the following thoughts on what role writers should play in the British society:†¦It is time for these, together with the working-class journalists and writers who are trying to express the feelings of their class, to organize an association of revolutionary writers. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 117) Interpreting this role British writers were asked to play in society is the very fundamental of instrumentalism, producing responsibly what the society demands as a whole. The author of Sunset Song, Lewis Grassic Gibbon replied to this message in a mostly positive manner except for two discrepancies. This declaration stated that literature â€Å"is anything but elevated, self-contained or sacrosanct, as the aesthetes had claimed; rather, for the Writers’ International, literature has the potential, even and obligation, to criticize society and to contribute to the building of a socialist future. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 118) Gibbon said, â€Å"I hate capitalism; all my books are explicit or implicit propaganda. †(cited in Danson & Gupta, 2005, p118) The first of the two points Gibbon disagreed with was that capitalism was perhaps dead economically but the literature was thriving, untouched, and unharmed and that there was a huge difference between the two. Second, he thought that writers should actually work for the socialist coast and not just say it. (Danson & Gibbon, 2005) The use of Scottish accents and dialects is present throughout the entire novel. This style earns him points for true instrumentalism. He sticks to his roots, much like the writers of today who add flavorful touches of their mother tongue in their works. From the earlier point about supporting the revolutionary cause of socialism he strips away whatever he can of capitalism by staying true to his origins no matter what. â€Å"The young Chris must choose between life on the land, her Scottish identity, and the English part of her which draws her away from home towards books and education. Yet even once she has made her decision, the way of life of her community is altered forever by the Great War. † (BBC) The story is about a little boy understanding what really is going on around him and how he must deal with everything. The book is runner up to Orlando by Virginia Woolf because it is the best work of instrumentalism at its extreme whereas Woolf’s novel encompasses all the concepts of aesthetics to modernism to instrumentalism. Sunset Song is a great example of a believing in a cause and writing for it to change the society as a whole and lead into a revolution. â€Å"However, it is important that while Sunset Song mourns the loss of a past age, it is not hopeless. The images of light and the morning star in the closing pages of the novel anticipate the rest of the trilogy, emphasizing Gibbon’s desire to construct a future rather than simply mourn the loss of a Golden Age. † (BBC) Gobbin, like his response to the Writers’ International delivers what he has said and paints a window to the future. He can be viewed as a modernist in the sense that he re-evaluated how society was going to reach a certain place and stuck to different ideas and did not conform to capitalistic views. â€Å"Gibbon uses the narrative device of flashforward, or prolepsis, at the start at each of the four main parts of the novel. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 132) His style of writing and the techniques he uses also earns him points for creatively constructing the passage of work. â€Å"All Gibbon’s sympathetic characters – the Guthries, Chae Strachan, Long Rob and, more ambivalently, Ewan Tavendale – are associated with the traditional peasant way of life. In contrast, the characters who embrace small-scale capitalist production – Ellison, Mutch, Munro and Cuddiestoun – are represented as thoroughly unattractive. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 141) The author clearly indicated his leaning towards socialism through his characters and their analysis throughout the book. He successfully achieves his goal of taking a stance against capitalism and that lands him into the runner up spot in the best writer of the twentieth century. â€Å"An important motivation at the core of Gibbon’s writing, closely connected to his political commitment, is his desire to rescue the forgotten, unrecorded histories of Scotland’s poor. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 150) Gibbon is one of those revolutionaries whole believes that all the toil and blood and hardship that went into making the future what it is today should never be ignored. It should be remembered and used as inspiration to move forward and achieve even greater things. (Danson & Gupta, 2005) Virginia Woolf takes away the award from Gibbon’s for first place because she is a modernist in the true sense. Gobbin beautifully portrays what an instrumentalist should do and inspires people and connects with them on a deep level from the get go. He has always presented his work seriously and believed it to bring about a change and get to the end through revolutionary socialist means. The judgment criteria of this award is not to award a socialist when a socialist revolution is going on or a capitalist when capitalism as it its peek. The goal is to judge literature for what is no matter what guards the standards of society now. Gibbon’s is a story that can be read in the democratically inclined times of today and still have an impact and show the clarity of how one can stick to his beliefs and paint a convincing and moving piece of literature. References Brown, R. D. , & Gupta, S. (2005). Aestheticism & modernism: debating twentieth-century literature 1900-1960. Twentieth-century literature : texts and debates. London: Routledge. Brown, R. D. , & Gupta, S. (2004). The popular and the canonical: debating twentieth-century literature 1940-2000. Twentieth-century literature : texts and debates. London: Routledge. Gibbon, L. G. (1981). Sunset song. New York: Schocken Books. Tamir, E. (2007). Gupta/Johnson’s A Twentieth-Century Reader and Johnson’s Debating Twentieth-Century Literature, 1940-2000. Science-Fiction Studies. 34, 343-345. Tetterton, Kelly (1995, June, 18). Virginia Woolf’s Orlando:. Retrieved May 18, 2008, from http://www. tetterton. net/orlando/orlando95_talk. html The Writers. BBC, Retrieved May 19, 2008, from http://www. bbc. co. uk/scotland/arts/writingscotland/writers/lewis_grassic_gibbon/works. shtml Woolf, V. (1928). Orlando: a biography. New York: Harcourt, Brace.

Codification: Stock and Fair Value Essay

Identify what authoritative literature addresses accounting for stock compensation plans. What are the objectives for the accounting for share based compensation? 718-10-10-1 The objective of accounting for transactions under share-based payment arrangements with employees is to recognize in the financial statements the employee services received in exchange for equity instruments issued or liabilities incurred and the related cost to the entity as those services are consumed. This Topic uses the terms compensation and payment in their broadest senses to refer to the consideration paid for employee services. 2. How many periods of EPS data must be presented? 260-10-45-7 EPS data shall be presented for all periods for which an income statement or summary of earnings is presented. If diluted EPSdata are reported for at least one period, they shall be reported for all periods presented, even if they are the same amounts as basicEPS. If basic and diluted EPS are the same amount, dual presentation can be accomplished in one line on the income statement. 3. If a company’s outstanding shares are increased through a stock split or stock dividend, how would that change the presentation of EPS data? 260-10-55-12 If the number of common shares outstanding increases as a result of a stock dividend or stock split (see Subtopic 505-20)or decreases as a result of a reverse stock split, the computations of basic and diluted EPS shall be adjusted retroactively for all periods presented to reflect that change in capital structure. If changes in common stock resulting from stock dividends, stock splits, or reversestock splits occur after the close of the period but before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued (as discussed in Section 855-10-25), the per-share computations for those and any prior-period financial statements presented shall be based on the new number of shares. If per-share computations reflect such changes in the number of shares, that fact shall be disclosed. Chapter 17 codification assignment 1. When is the fair value of a security readily determinable? 820-10-15-5 The definition of readily determinable fair value indicates that an equity security would have a readily determinable fair value if any one of three conditions is met. One of those conditions is that sales prices or bid-and-asked quotations are currently available on asecurities exchange registered with the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or in the over-the-counter market, provided that those prices or quotations for the over-the-counter market are publicly reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations systems or by Pink Sheets LLC. The definition notes that restricted stock meets that definition if the restriction expires within one year. If an investment otherwise would have a readily determinable fair value, except that the investment has a restriction expiring in more than one year, the reporting entity shall not apply paragraphs 820-10-35-59 through 35-62 and 820-10-50-6A to the investment. 2. How is impairment of a security accounted for? 320-10-35-35 In periods after the recognition of an other-than-temporary impairment loss for debt securities, an entity shall account forthe other-than-temporarily impaired debt security as if the debt security had been purchased on the measurement date of the other-than-temporary impairment at an amortized cost basis equal to the previous amortized cost basis less the other-than-temporaryimpairment recognized in earnings. For debt securities for which other-than-temporary impairments were recognized in earnings, the difference between the new amortized cost basis and the cash flows expected to be collected shall be accreted in accordance with existing applicable guidance as interest income. An entity shall continue to estimate the present value of cash flows expected to be collected over the life of the debt security. For debt securities accounted for in accordance with Subtopic 325-40, an entity should look to that Subtopic to account for changes in cash flows expected to be collected. For all other debt securities, if upon subsequent evaluation, there is a significant increase in the cash flows expected to be collected or if actual cash flows are significantly greater than cash flows previously expected, such changes shall be accounted for as a prospective adjustment to the accretable yield in accordance with Subtopic 310-30 even if the debt security would not otherwise be within the scope of that Subtopic. Subsequent increases and decreases (if not an other-than-temporary impairment) in the fair value of available-for-sale securities shall be included in other comprehensive income. (This Section does not address when a holder of a debt security would place a debt security on nonaccrual status or how to subsequently report income on a nonaccrual debt security. ) 3. When would an investor stop applying the equity method in an investment? Are there any exceptions to this rule? 323-10-35-20 The investor ordinarily shall discontinue applying the equity method if the investment (and net advances) is reduced to zero and shall not provide for additional losses unless the investor has guaranteed obligations of the investee or is otherwise committed to provide further financial support for the investee.

Appellee’s Brief Essay

Accused-appellant Pedro Sarmiento y Tordecilla together with co-accused Timeo Yhaap y Palparan and Antonio Olanne y Bergdugo was charged before the Regional Trial Court, 12th Judicial Regional Branch 15, Quezon City of robbery with rape. The case was docketed as Criminal Case No. 123456. The accusatory portion reads: â€Å"That on or about February 14, 2006, in Quezon City, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, armed with a knife, and gun, conspiring and confederating together, mutually aiding and assisting with one another, forced open the red Toyota Corrola Plate No. Apple laptop computer, black Nokia N91 cellphone, diamond engagement ring, green Lacoste handbag, and cash, all estimated to be worth P150,000. 00, all belonging to and taken against the will of said   all to the latter’s damage and prejudice; that on the occasion of means of force and intimidation, did then and there willfully and feloniously, have carnal knowledge of the said. Upon being arraigned all the accused including accused-appellant Sarmiento pleaded not guilty to the crime charged. The prosecution established the guilt of all the accused beyond reasonable doubt by presenting as evidence the testimony of the victim herself. She got out of the car to survey the damage when suddenly three men, two of which where armed, grabbed her, forced her car open and took her personal belongings inside the said car. Thereafter the all the perpetrators removed their mask one of them pointed a gun at her, took her to a nearby grassy area then and there forcibly raped her at gunpoint. She was able to identify Timeo Yhapp as the rapist and the accused-appellant Pedro Sarmiento as the one holding the knife and was jeering when she was being raped.

Management Theory and Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Theory and Practice - Essay Example The leaders, especially political leadership of the nations therefore, become major enabling elements of change. The paper would be discussing the leadership dynamics of Angela Merkel, Federal Chancellor of unified Germany. Angela Merkel, an exemplary leader of contemporary times Angela Merkel was an academician who had plunged into politics when efforts for unifying Germany had started with the fall of Berlin wall. Her party, ‘Democratic Awakening’ merged with Helmut Kohl’s ‘Christian Democratic Union’ in 1990. She was the last spokesperson for DDR, East Germany party. She had become the youngest federal minister in Germany in 1991 when she was made part of reshuffled cabinet of Kohl as federal minister, Women and Youth from 1991 to 1994. She was minister of Environment, Protection of Nature and Reactor Safety, 1994-98. She continued to excel in her designated ministerial position and rose within the party position to take up Chairpersonship of CDU i n Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 1993-2000. Her meteoric rise to General Secretary and later as Chairman of CDU had finally culminated in her becoming the Chancellor of unified Germany in 2005 (Mills, 2007). Her leadership has been unique in many ways. She was the only woman leader who had rapidly gained popularity in the otherwise male dominated political arena of Germany. Her leadership was also exceptional because she had become a major representative of former East Germany and a symbol of new unified nation that promoted a policy of non differentiation and non partisan. Merkel has defied the gender stereotype that makes it difficult for women candidates to excel in adverse conditions. Her leadership style, decision making model and her inherent leadership traits became her major strength in a volatile socio-political environment of new face of unified Germany. Leadership style The fall of Berlin Wall was momentous occasion in the history of Germany. It not only signified a new politica l equation of Germany on the world map but it also bespoke of the change that Germans were ready to embrace. Her fast track political career could best be attributed to her mixed style of leadership comprising of situational and transformational leadership style. She believed in taking advantage of the situation and ensured her position through strategic decisions that were designed to promote her long term goals of gaining political power. She did not hesitate to criticise her mentor, Kohl, in 1998 when he became embroiled in a major scandal involving donation. It was an opportune moment to gain political leverage which she took and became Chairperson of CDU, the major political party of unified Germany (Langguth, 2005). Merkel is a leader who intrinsically believes that dynamic reforms are needed to bring in constructive change for socio-cultural and economic stability of the country. Bass (1999, p9) argues succinctly ‘transformational leader emphasizes what you can do for y our country..’. Merkel introduced dramatic reforms in the foreign policy. Hill (2010) affirms that Merkel has displayed exemplary leadership initiatives in ‘five critical areas:Â  the economic crisis, social policy, global warming, foreign policy and, perhaps most importantly, in refashioning capitalism in the face of its near collapse’. It clearly shows her confidence in reforms for the wider welfare of Germany. Traits As a highly effective transformational

We are what we read Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

We are what we read - Essay Example In order to read, many people prefer a silent environment that is free from disturbances. These individuals get used to being alone and secluded, resulting to anti social behavior. When people spend more time reading books than interacting with people, they generally become prone to solitary lives. This kind of people will have challenges interacting with others and will prefer spending their time reading than interacting with people, thus undermining the importance of maintaining healthy relationship with others. When reading, one encounters a large number of characters in the book being read. For the reader to be able to flow well with the stories, the reader needs to remember all the characters involved in the book. Exercising this ability to remember huge volumes of details about characters in a book ends up improving the memory of the reader. Many readers will end up enjoying a good short term memory, which makes them better placed to remember the faces and names or people they meet. In relationships, such memory enables readers to be able to remember the birthdays of their loved ones as well as the anniversaries, making them better lovers. According to Portillo PenÃŒÆ'a (2008), the urge to read more books increases when the reader is able to practice what they have read on their day to day life, making them reader eager to experiment with the information acquired. As a result, their behavior in hampered and they tend to be addicted to books to an extent of searching for answers to everything they are facing in books. This is however beneficial to the readers, since they will be in a position to use other people’s experience to solve their own problems and thus reducing the time taken to make decisions as well as the uncertainty of making uninformed action. The most productive individuals in the work place are the ones who are able to

Analysis Karl Marx View of Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis Karl Marx View of Capitalism - Essay Example   One of the major aspects that led to the support of the capitalism by Marx is that it leads to economic efficiency due to the fact that the principles of capitalists are widely adopted at the international and national levels. As a result of the free entry of new firms in the capitalist system, the level of investment rises to lead to more job opportunities and improved economic position of households. In this regard, Marx just like Engels, his fellow philosopher was on the opinion that capitalism should be emulated by government and business communities since it improved the living standards of individuals by initiating technological, scientific and economic developments. In his analyzes of capitalism, Karl Marx covered two main elements that include Proletariat and Bourgeoisie. The section below candidly indicates the relationship between the two elements according to Karl Marx. Capitalist class structures Proletariat and Bourgeoisie are the two primary social classes that make up capitalists society. According to Karl Marx, Bourgeoisie is the owners of the factors of production that includes land, machinery, raw materials, factories as well as business organizations that are used to produces commodities demanded by members of the society. On the other hand, Proletariat works to earn wages and they own little or no property. Similarly, Marx depicts that due to the polarisations of the classes within a society, members of the intermediate classes would be converted into either Proletariat or the Bourgeoisie. Nevertheless, Marx argued that as a result of economic growth and the establishment of stock companies, the level of employment would improve leading to more jobs thus resulting in the emergence of the middle class. The major area that Marx covered in his theory of capitalism is the relationship that exists between Proletariat and Bourgeoisie. He indicated that the two classes are dependent on each other. For example, Bourgeoisie depends on Proletariat during the production of goods and services since the latter do not own property and they have to work to earn wages. In this way, Bourgeoisie derives profits from their firms. On the other hand, Proletariat relies on Bourgeoisie who provides them with employment opportunities from where they generate their income. Even though the two classes have a strong positive relationship, the aspects of conflict and exploitation are evident. For instance, the Proletariat who are the providers of labor in the firms owned by Bourgeoisie, are exposed to poor working conditions that include low salaries, working for long hours that exposes them to poor health as well as poor housing. In their efforts to increase profits, property owners exploit the workers by paying them low salaries that are not equivalent to the value of the goods and services produced in the factories. The theory of capitalism as depicted by Karl Marx stipulates that the decision of which goods and services to produce largely depends on the desire to maximize profits rather than the need to meet human wants.  Ã‚  

Final Paper- Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final Paper- Research Proposal - Essay Example In the country, water scarcity is believed to be part of the reasons for civil conflict as accompanied by instances of high poverty rates, high population density and income inequalities. In the urban migrant settings, religious, ethnic and class differences are believed to exacerbate the community-wide patterns of adapting to environmental scarcities due to water conflicts. Therefore, the understanding of the nature of conflicts in these region requires not only the spatial investigation as shall be conducted by this study, but also in-depth socio-economic study of the factors that might result in the situation (Hay 145-148). This research proposal shall be guided by these perspectives in assessing the spatial impacts of water scarcity in Villa Israel, Bolivia, an area in which water scarcity conflicts have been part of normal life for an extensive duration. This is because, with each seasonal water shortage, the residents of the area are often forced to make hard decisions on their usage of available social and economic resources. As a result, the current result will add to the informational bank on the matter by bridging the information gap that has existed in relation to the reciprocity and sociability aspects of the subject matter. The general objective of this study shall be to assess the severity of water scarcity in the region by determining its spatial impacts on the reciprocal and social relationship exchanges in the marginal setting. This shall be studied alongside minor objectives such as: a. To document the water scarcity incidence in the research community through development and testing of scales for water consumptions and interviews on the water use by households based on proximity to the water sources. The general methodology that shall be applied in this study shall be a descriptive research design that focus on the ethnographic perspectives of the study to yield data for analysis. The target population for the study shall be the

Integrated Case Study Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Integrated Analysis - Case Study Example ee thirds’, of having the company’s revenue equally generated from goods made in China and sold overseas, and goods that are produced and sold overseas. As the company approached the third decade in its business operations, the CEO was aiming at even higher targets. The goal of the company was to attain deeper penetration of the market in both rural China and overseas. The goal was to be achieved by increasing the share of the market and adding the product categories. The fast growing Chinese economy as well as shifts in production facilities to China may have played a role in driving the company to globalize. The impact of the WTO on China after entry in 2001 added pressure on the company to solidify its brand and products globally and to also have a dominant position in the local Chinese market. However, Zhang experienced the challenge of maintaining the company’s industry leadership in home (Archer & Cameron, 2013). The task of going global required Zhang to decide what lessons learnt from the international operations needed to be implemented at home and which lessons learnt from the domestic operations of the company needed to be applied in the international markets (Bonaglia & Goldstein, 2007). With the rapid growth of the economy in China, inflation peaked at 17 percent in 1995 forcing central banks to curtail lending by banks. As such, the Chinese government denied the company a loan of RMB 1.6 billion to curb speculation in the real estate. Zhang, faced with no other option of raising funds to expand the company decided to sell 43.7 percent of Qingdao Haier refrigerator division to the Shanghai Stock Exchange. The company was also faced by the challenge of penetrating global markets as its approach was to start with the difficult markets of the U.S and U.K whic h were already well established in consumer electronics and home appliances there by providing stiff completion for the Chinese company. This study has several objectives that it seeks to

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Research paper - Essay Example ry Peters in the play along with other individuals were of the opinion that women identification was dependent on the male counterparts of the society. In this context, in accordance to the play Henderson refers Mrs. Peters to be a follower of law. The reason behind the statement is that Mrs. Peter is the wife of Henry Peters, who is the Sherriff and follows the law. According to Henderson, as Henry Peter is a reliable follower of the law of the state. Therefore, his wife would also be a reliable follower of law. However, in the reply Mrs. Peter said, â€Å"Not-just that way† Trifles (page 1-10). The reply of Mrs. Peter suggested that she does not want to be considered as the follower of law as she had been the wife of a Sheriff, but she wants to portray that being independent women she also is a follower of the same law. In the play, it was further concluded by Mrs. Hale saying, â€Å"All go through the same things-its all just a different kind of the same thing† Trifl es (page 1-10). This conclusion made by Mrs. Hale suggesting that such kind of mistake is made by almost every individual and the women should not be considered on the basis of a judgmental decision with regard to the profession of her husband Trifles (page 1-10). This concept of the female identity is to be determined by the relationship with the male member and is significantly relevant to the modern day. It has been observed in several parts of the world that the female members are recognized by the profession of the male members in the family. These male members may either be their husband or father. This is prominently observed in the case of the wives of the terrorist and the other criminals of the world. These women are also considered as terrorists or criminals by the society irrespective of their participation in any sort of offensive crimes. This is not only observed in case of the terrorist or criminals of the society, but also in case of the noble people. The wives and daughters of the

Develop a new idea for existing company Term Paper

Develop a new idea for existing company - Term Paper Example Until only recently the brand went through expansion and introduced the Skin care product range which now included lotion, cleansers, towelettes, make-up removers etc. Smooth and Soft face wash will be the solitary face wash related product offering in the company’s portfolio of products. However, given ample time and growth, the company plans on expanding its line of face wash with more special purpose face washes instead of a one-for-all product. We’ll use penetration pricing for Our Soft and Smooth face wash will cost $3.25. Another added advantage that we’ll get is that it will complement our cream range as people who use face wash and care for their skin will also make lotion and cream purchases hence this strategy will benefit us in the longer run. We’ll use advertising in Magazines and place ads which clearly highlight features of the new product and its lower price with similar benefits to the competitors. This would create a pull in the market. The promotion and publicity activities plan include a first time customers’ discount of 30% if purchased in the soft launch activity zone. The product will be showcased at prominent malls in the metropolis along with banners, decoration, flash mob, gift hampers and other awareness-creating activities. Sales promotion will be initially used which will include offers like giving small sample tubes & bottles in a package with the already well established cream and lotion range. Discounts will not be offered as the product is already lowered price to competitors while providing quality. If prices will be lowered than this then customers will doubt the quality, An indirect distribution channel will be used as we have to reach to masses and also our products are Shopping products which are usually sold by retailers at stores and shops as compared to specialty goods require direct

International Standards for Financial Reporting Case Study

International Standards for Financial Reporting - Case Study Example Looking first to Profit Ratios, the investment analyst would take interest in the return on invested capital that is a measure of profits earned on the capital that is invested in the company. The profit ratios would inform an investor about the reliability of the company in the use of its resources. The more reliable and efficient a company the more profitable it will be. ROIC is of value as a benchmark for Morrisons or other investors to compare the company to compete in the marketplace, as well as to compare subsidiary companies that Morrisons envelopes (Hill and Jones C3). Over time, profit ratios can show if a company’s performance is improving or declining. There are many types of profit ratios, for Morrisons, the Return on Investment Capital ratio (ROIC) will be analyzed: ROIC = Net profit/Invested capital   = â‚ ¤ 93.4 million (over 25 weeks)/ â‚ ¤ 3, 662.4 million Thus, profits were down, before tax being â‚ ¤ 61.5 million. Although the overall financial re sult was disappointing for Morrisons in 2006, achievements were made; so it was a period of dramatic changes. Benchmarking has had a strong focus at Morrisons over the past financial year, and a range of company labeled products has been adapted and extended to meet market demands. Also, the retraining of almost 90, 000 Safeway employees has led to progress in the contributions of experience, skills, competencies, and knowledge that are of deemed value to the Morrisons team (Morrisons’ Annual Report 5).  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Annual Report 5). It appears from the Annual Report published by Morrisons, that ROIC weaknesses are being buffered by a

Aida Play Analysis Essay Example for Free

Aida Play Analysis Essay The musical Aida was written by Auguste Mariette based on Giuseppe Verdis Italian-language opera. 2nd Flight Productions using the stage at Chantilly High School performed the musical. The musical was based on the legend of Aida, the Nubian princess who was captured as a slave to Radames, the captain of Egypt. The performance is divided into two acts and it started with Radames fianci , Amneris, as a statue during the present times in a museum. The museum displayed a tomb with the carvings of a man and a woman buried together. Amneriss statue begins to sing and tells the tale behind the tomb. The set for the museum was sufficiently constructed for the story. The tomb was realistic and the background sets of Egyptian writing were appropriate to the feeling and style. However, at first it was difficult to grasp who Amneris was when she sang because she was position center right and maybe a little down right of the stage. There were no other props that clearly indicated that she was part of the museum and that she was a statue. There was a back narrow parallel platform that elevated her separate from the ground. The ensemble members were the museum tourists observing the artifacts. However they were on the ground level and there were no indications of them acknowledging her as a fellow artifact of the museum. Throughout the play, Aida is a strong character who deeply cares about her people. In the plot she hides her identity as the Nubian Princess to save her people. The actress did an amazing job portraying those characteristics. Her voice was powerful and so phenomenal that each song she sung moved me. Every emotion she evoked moved the audience through her acting and her singing. There was moment where the actress belted out a song that described the struggles of being a princess of Nubia. Her body language was like a building wearing away and her facial expressions revealed pain and sorrow. Another moment that was very effective was when she finally accepted her love for Radames. Her body language was playful, her voice was light and her facial expression was soft and more youthful. She was the best and most excellent actress in the play. The lighting had its good effects and bad effects. During serious moments, the lighting was used well and isolated the light towards the main characters. However, when the music became lively, the lighting was in all different colors, similar to a disco lighting, which I found unnecessary and sloppy for a historical musical. The costuming was decent as well but I expected more from a community theatre company. The costumes would be acceptable for a high school production but not a community one. The slave clothes were fine and tattered; however, the fabric was new and it appeared new from stage. Since the setting is in historical times, the fabric must invoke that. The costume for Aida throughout the play was in a shiny fabric that was glittery. This was an anachronism since the setting, again, is in historical times. The ensemble was probably the poorest aspect of the play. In every act they were in, they were never in synch with each other. No one seemed to listen or hear each other. The ensembles made careless mistakes with their hands fidgeting, their eyes not focused and the acting did not seem like acting. In acting, the actor must have a purpose or goal to evoke good acting; however the ensemble did not do that. They moved around with unmotivated movement. Their dance, however, was stronger than their acting. At times they were no in synch but they did decent on their dances. I wished that the ensemble danced with more diverse movements. The dances seemed a little parallel and conformed to the same movements at times. The ensemble men were Radames soldiers in the beginning and did a dance routine that had the characteristics of a march. The performance of the ensemble however, was poor. Their entire routine was not in synch and it was sloppy. In order to portray as soldiers, they should have had more cut and dry movements that were sharp and strict. However, they performed as if they were relaxed and bored. It was more of a casual walk than a march. Towards the end the soldiers did an impressive break dance when the song lifted from its austere melody, however I found it unnecessary. Overall the musical was satisfactory as a community musical. The background music was appropriate, the main actors were excellent in portraying their characters and the songs were sung on key. Although there were many errors in setting, and ensemble members, the director succeeded in telling and portraying the story of Aida in a reasonable fashion.

Examples of Unethical Experiments

Examples of Unethical Experiments Section 1 HISTORICAL CASES Nazi Experimentations –Testing the effectiveness of sulfanilamide and other drugs in curbing infections. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES NOT MET: Respect for Human dignity Informed Consent Privacy Respect for Vulnerable persons Minimizing harm and maximizing benefit The persons involved in these experiments, were Human beings. Their privacy was invaded by these Nazi doctors. There was coercion – they did not have a say in terms of what was being done to them. Having battlefield wounds being inflicted, was not a voluntary decision by these people. Since the doctors in Nazi Germany were guided by utilitarian moral principles, they did not need to consider informed consent. Experiments were conducted with no considerations for the wellbeing of the subject from the possibilities of injury, disability, or death. In these experiments the subjects experienced extreme pain, resulting in permanent injury, mutilation, or death. Respect for these subjects in the eyes of the Nazis was not a priority, as they were seen to be â€Å"Less-Human.† These people were vulnerable to the Nazis, and to whatever was being done to them. Minimizing harm was not a consideration that was taken by the nazi medics. However, even though it was for the Germans be nefit, it was torture for the Jewish and Non-German people. There is no way in which this experiment can be reconstructed to become an ethical process. However, since it was geared towards finding cures for those wounded in battle, what can be a possible suggestion is that, instead of using those innocent people and inflicting battle wounds, the wounded casualties should have been used instead, with consent ofcourse, to find those possible remedies for infections. Another senario, would have been to take blood samples of infected persons, again with consent, and test with appropriate apparatus/equipments to find cures. Tuskegee Syphilis Study- Learning more about syphillis and its treatment, especially for blacks in the U.S. This study had good intentions. However, it shifted from helping persons with the disease to becoming a study about the effects of untreated Syphilis on live patients. At the time, the â€Å"couloureds† had no access to medical care. This study was more or less based on Deception. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES NOT MET: Respect for Human Dignity Informed Consent Respect for vulnerable persons minimizing harm and maximizing benefit Independence of research and conflicts of interest or partiality must be explicit. The participants in this study were not informed that they were more or less test subjects, and the doctors were more interested in the results of their autopsies. It is more accurate to say however that they were informed, but rather misinformed, and not notified that the disease they were being treated for was indeed serious and possibly fatal. â€Å"The duration of the experiment was so long that the study violated two laws that were passed since its beginning. The Henderson Act of 1943, which requires the testing and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and the World Health Organizations (W.H.O.) Declaration of Helsinki of 1964, which requires professionals to provide informed consent on all medical experiments that researched effects on people (Brunner, 2009). Despite the passing of these laws the doctors involved in the study not only withheld information from these men, but also deliberately misinformed them and prevented them from seeking alternative methods of effective treatment.† (Amaris Joy, 2011) How can this process be revised, so as to become more ethical? Participants need to be informed and not mislead about the study. Researchers should not maximize harm to obtain maximum benefit The rights of Human beings/dignity should be of a high priority Research should be made explicit Blood samples should have been taken, with consent and with the person being throughly informed, and then be analysed for a cure, thereby not using the individual and having him/her prone to any harm. Since penicilin was used to counter the disease, it should have been enforced. The government should have been aware that the study was going on after they found the penicilin cure and should have shut down the study. They should have been more aware of what was going on. The Willowbrook Study ETHICAL PRINCIPLES NOT MET: Respect for Vulnerable persons Respect for Human dignity Witholding information about risks Coercion or undue pressure on parents to volunteer their children. Willowbrook State School, located in Staten Island, is a school for retarded children, which in 1956, agreed to participate in a research experiment to determine the course of the hepatitis virus and whether or not gamma globulin (a protein complex which contains antigens to provoke the body to produce antibodies) could be used to inoculate children against the virus. How can this process be revised, so as to become more ethical? A series of Blood samples of those infected or who have now enrolled to the school, could have been taken with parents informed consent at different phases, and analysed with the various methods to find the cure. Children should not be taken for experimentation without their consent or parents consent children should not have been used as test subjects at all. Laud Humphrey, 1960s, Washington University (PhD diss) Tearoom Sex Study The study planned first to obtain information about homosexual practices in public restrooms and then to conduct further investigation on the men who took part in the acts. The researcher went undercover and gained the confidence of the men by acting as a look out. The researcher identified 100 active subjects by tracing their car license numbers. A year after he completed the initial study of direct observation of homosexual acts the researcher distributed a social health survey throughout the communities where he knew the subjects lived. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES NOT MET: Respect for privacy and confidentiality Respect for vulnerable persons Ensuring research was conducted in the best interest of society Respect for free and informed consent How can this process be revised, so as to become more ethical? What Laud Humphrey should have done, was not to pry on peoples privacy, but interview those who were willing to go along with his study, who found themselves in that category. Questionaires/Surveys done with confidentiality could have been done instead, being distributed to various communities. Section 2-Report THE UNIVERSITY OF RED BRICKS WARRENVILLE CAMPUS Research Ethics Board March 11, 2014 Dr. Researcha, University of Red Bricks, Warrenville Campus. Re: Approval report on the research proposal requested by Dr. Geographia. Dear Dr. Researcha, As an external reviewer of Dr. Geographias study of community vulnerability to natural disasters, I have approved the complete protocol, â€Å"Strategies of the richest and most famous: Minimizing vulnerability to Earthquakes and other Natural Disasters in Trinidad and Tobago.† The Project is scheduled to last twenty-four months, which includes the areas of Warrenville and surroundings, commencing on May 5, 2014. Dr. Geographia, is very experienced in this area of study, has published in peer reviewed journals, and has many books published in the subject area of natural hazards and risk perceptions. The protocol involves no special populations in particular, thereby reducing the ethical principle of subject vulnerability. The pupose of the proposed research is limited only to the social elite, being approximately five percent and not to socio-economically disadvantaged groups. According to the proposal read, this study seeks to disclose the resources, networks, and strategies of the countrys wealthiest and apply the results gained to formulate a â€Å"trickle-down† mobilization stategy. In emulating societys elite, this can strengthen the socially disadvantaged in coping with natural hazards. The study incorporates views and community perceptions.Quantitative methods such as blood sampling, laboratory usage, and other sampling experiments and analysis will not be performed. The study is a Qualitative study. Research material will be obtained through semi-structured interview via researchers within the residents homes, taped and transcibed, completed in the participants homes for their comfort, in keeping with ensuring research is conducted in the best interest of the society as a whole. The ethical principle of Privacy and confidentiality will therefore not be compromised as the study demands the highest discretions due to the wealth status of the individuals participating. Respect for free and informed consent, will be adhered, since once the participant decides to take part, their verbal consent will be recorded, and therefore a consent form will not be necessary. Data will be collated and analyzed in order to formulate applications to prevent loss and vulnerability among the poorest in the Region. Her study in no way violates any other ethical principles such as respect for human dignity, confidentiality, justice, and respect for minimizing harm and maximising benefit. No harm is done to the participants in the study. It has minimal to no risks involved. Benefits are obtained, when results are obtained and analyzed accordingly. The proposal is a more or less cost effective study. Whatever expences are required, are thereby funded by Right Hand Left Hand Insurance Group. A suggestion that I would recommend, is that Dr. Geographia should incorporate in her study, the views and opinions of the Poor. The study should be revised to incorporate the poor, although the main focus is on the social elite. The perspectives of the socio-economically disadvantage will add leverage to her study, and a deeper understanding of their own responces to natural hazards can be contrasted and compared to that of the social elite. Sincerly, _________________________ TARA TRISHA MANNIE. EXTERNAL REVIEWER

UK Health Policies on Obesity

UK Health Policies on Obesity Social, economic and industrial changes have changed the patterns of life globally. Changes in diet and physical activity patterns have been central to the rise of obesity among many of the worlds population. Obesity was traditionally seen as a disease of high-income countries only, but it is now replacing malnutrition and infectious diseases as a problem transcending social divides. Obesity carries a higher incidence of chronic illness including diabetes, heart disease and cancer. This paper will critically evaluate the current UK and NI policies aimed at addressing the obesity epidemic. There will also be a discussion around definition of policies, role of government in healthcare, previous and current healthcare policies regarding obesity in both Britain and Northern Ireland. The official calculation for defining obesity was set by the World Health Organisation (WHO) where adults are registered overweight and obese using a formula of Body Mass Index or (BMI), that is a persons weight in kilograms divided by the height in metres squared (DWP, 2012). The main restraint with using body mass index as an indicator is that it does not distinguish fat mass from lean mass; so a person could be healthy and have a low body fat, but be clinically overweight if they have a high enough BMI. A person is thought to be overweight if they have a BMI of 25.0 or more and obese if the BMI is 30.0 or more. Obesity has three classifications: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Class 1 BMI 30 to 34.9 (waist perimeter 102cm plus for males and 88cm plus for females). Person is categorised as overweight à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Class 2 BMI 35 to 39.9. Person is classed as obese à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Class 3 BMI 40 and over. Is when a person with a BMI of 40+ is said to be morbidly obese (WHO, 2012). Policy originates from the government that are in power, who are also the legal authority and have a status and guidance over all policy whether they be private or public (Crinson, 2009). According to Crinson 2009 Health policy is hypothesised in terms of macro and micro social developments, with the macro level reading the working of social and formal structures, such as the economic context of the state and the market, and the National Health Service (NHS). The micro side focuses on the influence of policy from the level of the healthcare professionals and the experience of the users (Crinson, 2009). Policy making, according to a White Paper published by the Labour Government in 1999 states that it is a method in which a government interpret their political vision into programmes and actions in order to make changes that are required and wanted by the population (Cabinet Office, 1999). It was also focused on modernising the government schema (Cabinet Office, 1999a) and the need for more inclusive and reactive policys linked to peoples demands. It planned to guarantee that policy making was to become more forward thinking and evidence-based, as well as correctly assessed and based on best practice. It went on to note the need for improved evidence when addressing policy making and to ensure a more joined-up approach across government departments and agencies (Cabinet Office, 1999). According to the World Health Organisation health policy signifies decisions, plans and actions that are started in order to reach detailed health care goals within a society. It goes on to note that and clear and string policy can outline an idea for the future whilst helps to establish objectives and points of orientation. A health policy can also help to design a framework and build agreement in addition to informing people (WHO, 2006). There are three key policies areas within the Department of Health and they are National Health (NH), Public Health (PH), and Social Care (SC) (Kouvonen, 2012). The current theory has two dissimilar backgrounds; the first is a public policy analysis that is favoured by the United States and Northern Ireland. The second is favoured in the United Kingdom and is a social policy theoretical structure (Kouvonen, 2012). Policies are intended to improve on current provisions in health and social care in the UK and aim to guarantee services that are funded or supported by the Department of Health are delivered in an open and patient-centred way (www.dh.gov.uk). This was not always the case, as according to Crinson governments were indifferent to the type of care delivered within the healthcare service; that was the concern of the doctor. This was to change in the 1970s when the economy declined and tax revenue was reduced (Crinson, 2009). The roll of the state in providing health and welfare to the public according to Crinson 2009 takes the view that there are five diverse conceptualisations and they echo differences between political and conceptual actions of the role that the state should play when delivering health and welfare services (Crinson, 2009). The writer goes on to give examples of these conceptualisations one of which is the neoliberal prospective that influenced the change in the health and social welfare policies of the Thatcher Government in the 1980s (Crinson, 2009). In the Political-Economic Critique, according to OConnor et al welfarism serves to build consent for capitalism through the process of dividing the population into groups with specific needs. This he notes had the effect of individualising what are widespread social and health problems associates with living in a capitalists society (Gough, 1979). In a paper by David Berreby in which he asks the question, why do people get fat and risk major health problem?, He believes the answer to this question is capitalism and sites it as the main cause of global obesity (Berreby, 2012). Conversely in a programme series aired on the BBC on the 11th July 2012 the reporter Jacques Peretti reports that our eating habits were changed by a decision made in America 40 years ago. Peretti travelled to America to examine the story of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) a calorie-providing sweetener used to sweeten foods and drinks, chiefly processed and shop-bought foods. The sweetener was backed in America in the 1970s by Richard Nixons farming administrator Earl Butz to use additional corn grown by farmers. Inexpensive and sweeter than sugar, it rapidly found its way into nearly all convenience foods and soft drinks. HFCS is not only sweeter than sugar; it also inhibits leptin, the hormone that controls hunger, resulting in the inability to stop eat ing (BBC, 2012). This was backed up by evidence from Robert Lustrig an endocrinologist, who according to this report, was the first to identify the dangers of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). His findings however, were discredited at the time. and a US Congress report sited fat, not sugar, for the alarming rise in cardio-vascular illness and the food industry responded with a series of low fat and heart healthy foods in which the fat was removed. (BBC, 2012). Policy makers encouraged farmers to overproduce corn and soy with the promise of foreign trade (Philpott, 2008). It was also in the 1970s that Britains food manufactures used advertising drives to encourage the idea of snacking between meals. A fast food culture also developed and fast food chains offered tempting foods and customers served themselves, and according to Ritzer this was the beginning of McDonaldization of Society. He goes on to write how fast food restaurant contribute to the development of obesity and it emphasis on supersizing its portions (Ritzer, 2004). Conversely poverty increased in the 1970s under Thatcher Government and according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies in 1979 13.40% of people in Britain lived below 60% on median income before housing costs. With this came a big rise in inequality and under the gini score for Britain was up to 0.339 from 0.253 (Crib, et al 2012). Due to the comorbidities associated with obesity and their increasing cost to the NHS, the consequences of obesity are currently and will continue to be important public health challenges globally and in the UK. It impacts through society and across all life courses, and can increase the risk of life threatening disease (Kouvonen, 2012).Appendix 1. Currently there is a framework in Northern Ireland titled A Fitter Future for All, this agenda spans from 2012 to 2022. Within this paper it explains that in Northern Ireland 59% of adults are either overweight (36%) or obese (23%) (DHSSPSNI, 2012). This policy addresses the need to act from childhood based on evidence from the Foresight Report 2007, and is now a cross sectorial cohesive life course agenda that will address obesity over the next 10 years (Foresight Review, 2012). The Department of Health has published a follow-on document to the Public Health White Paper called Healthy lives, healthy people: A call to action on obesity in England, which sets new national drives for a descending trend in excess weight by 2020. The Tackling Obesities: Future Choices project presented its findings on 17 October 2007 and the Project aims to deliver a feasible response to obesity in the UK over the next 40 years. It also sets out examples of what is intended on a national level to help ch allenge obesity, one of these is called Change4life programme. In this programme it states it will help consumers make healthier food choices (www.dh.gov.uk). This could be linked to Professor Marmot point, when he discussed behavioural choices as individuals such as where to shop for food, and how these decisions are dictated by the individuals socio-economic circumstance, and if they can afford the recommended good food (UCL Institute of Health Equity, 2012). A fitter Future for All and Healthy Lives, healthy people are policies that both the British and Northern Ireland government support, but there are wider determinants of poor health such as poverty and inequalities that play an important role in obesity (HM Government, 2010). It could be argued that while policies such as these are targeting the causes of obesity, they are not actively seeking out realistic solutions to the problem; people may know they need to eat healthier, but simply cannot afford to buy the better food. In developing countries rates of obesity are inclined to rise, and this is associated with growing social disadvantage; addressing social deprivation and material disadvantage is likely to reduce obesity (Kouvonen. 2012). Socio-economic class as a factor in health is not a new phoneme in the United Kingdom, as it has a history of many hundreds of years. According to Edwin Chadwicks report on sanitary conditions of the labouring population in Britain in 1842 showed that in Liverpool the average age of mortality for people in the upper classes was 35 years, and 15 years for labours and servants (Richardson, 2008). Inequalities still exist today, but have improved and in the Black report published in 1980 it states that there are still inequalities with regard to life expectancy and the use of medical services (Whitehead et al, 1992). According to the Foresight report (2007) a government science think tank reported that most adults are already overweight. It goes on to note that modern living will ensure that upcoming generations will be heavier than the last, and by 2050, 60% of men and 50% of women maybe clinically obese. The report also states the obesity is a multifarious and there is no evidence anywhere in the world where obesity has reversed. Social policy frameworks are paramount according to this report (Foresight Review, 2012). The Marmot Report the third such officially approved analysis in as many decades probing the link between health and wealth. The findings confirmed an alarming social incline, the poor not only die seven years earlier than the rich, but they can expect to become disabled 17 years sooner. Professor Marmot continues to discuss behavioural choices we make as individuals are part of our social and economic settings. He believes that people born into more affluent milieu tend to adopt a healthy lifestyle, resulting in healthcare differences between the social classes (UCL Institute of Health Equity, 2012). In 2011 the Chief medical Officers (CMOs) from across the UK published new strategies for physical activity, and they addressed a life course methodology, and included guidelines for early years (www.ic.nhs.uk). It could be argued this is a blanket policy and it is widely known that poorer people have limited choices with regards to lifestyle choices such as gym memberships. Also the report appears to place the responsibility of exercise on the individual. People from poorer socio-economic backgrounds have poorer housing and environments that dont encourage physical exercise which could be due to social culture of where these people live and lack of resources (UCL Institute of Health Equity, 2012). Addressing overweight children that become obese in later life was issue raised by Dr Hilary Jones on Good Morning Britain, when he stated that obesity begins in childhood. He went on to say that the National Health Service and the Government know causes of obesity but actively preventing it in childhood needs to be addressed (www.gm.tv). Prevention of obesity is more achievable goal than addressing obesity when it becomes established, as some health problems that are acquired through obesity remain an issue even after weight loss. Therefore government policies are mostly directed at primary prevention of obesity such as eating well, exercise and no smoking (Kouvonen, 2012). Social determinants of health are also a key factor in obesity in both children and adults. According to the World Health Organisation the social conditions in which people live are paramount to their health. It goes on to note that lack of income, poor housing and lack of access to healthcare facilities are just some of the factors leading to inequalities (www.who.int). Medical care on its own cannot adequately improve individuals health and addressing where people live and work is also important The social determinants of health are the upstream social, economic, and environmental factors that affect the health of individuals and populations, including income, social support, education and literacy, employment and working conditions. Downstream determinants, which include physical activity, clean air and water and healthy housing. These factors can influence health inequalities difference between social groups that can result in obesity in poorer areas (Kouvonen, 2012). Incidents of Childhood obesity are higher in areas with a lower socioeconomic population according to National Health Service Information Centre report on obesity. It also states that obesity is more widespread in schools in disadvantaged areas. It also noted that with Reception children (children in the primary school age group) 6.9% of those in least deprived areas were obese, in comparison to 12.1 percent of children in most deprived areas (www.ic.nhs.uk). In Northern Ireland statistics show that 8 percent of children ages between 2 and 15 years are obese, according to the Health Minister Edwin Poots. The health Minister went on to say that the likelihood of obese children become obese adults was probable; this would put greater strain on the health and social care services due to the comorbidities associated with the condition (Northern Ireland Executive, 2012). Governments state that health policies are micro driven, but in reality it could be argued that they are macro driven as ultimately obesity will cost more in the long run due to obesity related illness such as diabetes and heat disease, and according to NHS website the cost will be  £4.20 billion per year (HM Government). Tackling obesity is a challenge for not only the UK, but globally and according to the Department of Health and Social Services Northern Ireland website, overweight and obesity will overtake malnutrition and infectious disease in terms of their cost to the health services and people suffering from the condition (www.dhsspsni.gov.uk). Appendix 2. It was not until 1999 that obesity was declared an epidemic in America and was considered to affect all racial groups and across all ages in United States (National Medical Association, 1999). According to the information published there was an increase from 12% to 18% over a seven year period using a body mass index (BMI) that was greater than 30 (National Medical Association, 1999). Historically obesity rates were low and unaffected until 1970s and 80s, and the obesogentic environment (an environment that encourages and leads to obesity in individuals that relates to the influence that contribute towards obesity such as food, physical activity and environment. Many broader determinants of poor health such as health inequalities, poverty and deprivation play a significant role, and these factors have not swayed over the years. In pre-war Britain large differences in mortality and morbidity levels between rich and poor were recognised as the norm by policy makers. It was the introduc tion of the National Health Service in the 1940s that brought with it hope that the social class differences affecting health would decline. It wasnt until the 1970s that the Marmot Report stated peoples lifestyle and circumstances have a direct effect on their health (Crinson, 2009). The health implications from obesity are immense and can ultimately result in a premature death. Although obesity is caused by intake of more energy through food and drink than needed and the resulting excess stored in fat in the body, the view that obesogenic environment also plays a part in obesity is becoming widely accepted. Social and economic circumstances are also evaluated in this paper as are the role of governments and policy makers, both in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland. The overall view of this paper would be that policies are made by individuals that have no insight into what part of society they are directed at such as deprived and socio-economic areas that lack the means and facilities whereby individuals feel that their contribution to society is valued and important enough for them to care about their own wellbeing. Policies are not directed at one specific group such and the one size fits all doesnt appear to be working as obesity is now a global epidemic. Bibliography BBC (2012) The Men who made us fat: episode 3, available at www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01kd06l (Accessed 06/11/2012 @ 20.05) Berreby, David. (2012). Is Capitalism To Blame for Worldwide Obesity? Available at http://bigthink.com/Mind-Matters/is-capitalism-to-blame-for-worldwide-obesity (Accessed 5/11/2012) Braveman, Paula. Egeter, Susan. Williams, R. William (2011) The Social Determinants of Health: Coming of Age, Annual Review of Public Health, Vol. 32: 381-98 Cabinet Office (1999) Modernising Government White Paper: available at http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm43/4310/4310.htm (accessed 05/11/2012) Crib et al (2012) Briefing Notes on Jubilees compared: incomes, spending and work in the late 1970s and early 2010s, available at http://www.ifs.org.uk/publications/6190 (Accessed 12/11/2012) Crinson, Iain (2009) Health Policy, a critical prospective, SAGE, London Department of Health Public health (2012) Adult social care, and the NHS: Obesity Document, available at www.dh.gov.uk/health/category/policy-areas/public-health/obesity-healthy-living (Accessed 10/11/2012) Department of Works Pensions (2011) Causes of Obesity available at, http://www.dwp.gov.uk/publications/specialist-guides/medical-conditions/a-z-of-medical-conditions/obesity (Accessed 05/11/2012) Department for Works Pensions (2011) Definition of Overweight and Obesity available at, http://www.dwp.gov.uk/publications/specialist-guides/medical-conditions/a-z-of-medical-conditions/obesity (Accessed 05/11/2012) DHSSPSNI (2012) Framework for Preventing and Addressing Overweight and Obesity in Northern Ireland: 2012-2022, available at http://www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/framework-preventing-addressing-overweight-obesity-ni-2012-2022.pdf (accessed 8/11/2012) DHSSPSNI (2011) Safety, Quality and Standards: Safety and Quality Policy Document available at www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/index/phealth/sqs.htm (Accessed 6/11/2012) Foresight Review (2012) www.foresightreport.com (Accessed 08/11/2012 @ 9.50) GMTV (2012) www.gm.tv.uk (Viewed 07/11/2012 @ 7.47) Gough, I. (1979) The Political Economy of the Welfare State, Macmillan, Basingstoke HM Government (2010) Healthy Lives, Healthy People: Our Strategy for Public Health in England, available at www.official-documents.gov.uk (accessed 10/11/2012) NHS Information Centre (2011) Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England, available at http://www.ic.nhs.uk/webfiles/publications/003_Health_Lifestyles/opad11/Statistics_on_Obesity_Physical_Activity_and_Diet_England_2011_revised_Aug11.pdf (Accessed 08/11/2012 @ 8.25) NHS Information Centre (2011) Obesity Rising Among Final Year Primary School Children, available at www.ic.nhs.uk/ncmp (Accessed 10/11/2012 @ 20.55) Kouvonen, Dr A. (2012) What is Health Policy?, Lecture Notes Week 1: Lecture 2 Kouvonen, Dr A. (2012) Current Issues in Health Policy: Obesity, Week 4: Lecture 2 National Medical Association (1999) Obesity Declared an Epidemic in the United States, J Natl Med Assoc. 1999 December; 91(12): 645 PMCID: PMC2608606 Northern Ireland Executive (2012) available at http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/media-centre/news-departments/news-dhssps/news-dhssps-08032012-obesity-cuts-life.htm (Accessed 08/11/2012 @ 20.15) Philpott, T (2008) A Reflection of the Lasing Legacy of the 1970s USDA Secretary Earl Butz available at http://grist.org/article/the-butz-stops-here (Accessed 7/11/2012) Richardson, W.B. (2008) The Health of Nations: A Review of the Works of Edwin Chadwick, Volume I. BiblioLife, LLC Ritzer, G. (2004) The McDonaldization of Society, SAGE, California UCL Institute of Health Equity (2012) Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England: Post-2010 (The Marmot Review), available at www.marmotreview.org (Accessed 9/11/2012) Whitehead, M., Townsend, P., Davidson, N., Daivdsen, N., (1992) Inequalities in Health: The Black Report and the Health Divide, Penguin Books Ltd; New edition (29 Oct 1992) World Health Organisation (2006) Commission on Social Determinants of Health, available at www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/csdh_brochure.pdf (Accessed 09/11/2012 @ 17.56) World Health Organisation (2012) Health Policy, available at www.who.int/topics/health_policy/en/ (Accessed 05/11/2012 @ 8.50) World Health Organisation (2012) Obesity, available at www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/ (Accessed 05/11/2012 @ 17.43) Appendix 1

The Myth of Sisyphus :: Myths Greek Essays

The Myth of Sisyphus The gods had condemned Sisyphus to ceaselessly rolling a rock to the top of a mountain, whence the stone would fall back of its own weight. They had thought with some reason that there is no more dreadful punishment than futile and hopeless labor. If one believes Homer, Sisyphus was the wisest and most prudent of mortals. According to another tradition, however, he was disposed to practice the profession of highwayman. I see no contradiction in this. Opinions differ as to the reasons why he became the futile laborer of the underworld. To begin with, he is accused of a certain levity in regard to the gods. He stole their secrets. Aegina, the daughter of Aesopus, was carried off by Jupiter. The father was shocked by that disappearance and complained to Sisyphus. He, who knew of the abduction, offered to tell about it on condition that Aesopus would give water to the citadel of Corinth. To the celestial thunderbolts he preferred the benediction of water. He was punished for this in the underworld. Homer tells us also that Sisyphus had put Death in chains. Pluto could not endure the sight of his deserted, silent empire. He dispatched the god of war, who liberated Death from the hands of the conqueror. It is said also that Sisyphus, being near to death, rashly wanted to test his wife's love. He ordered her to cast his unburied body into the middle of the public square. Sisyphus woke up in the underworld. And there, annoyed by an obedience so contrary to human love, he obtained from Pluto permission to return to earth in order to chastise his wife. But when he had seen again the face of this world, enjoyed water and sun, warm stones and the sea, he no longer wanted to go back to the infernal darkness. Recalls, signs of anger, warnings were of no avail. Many years more he lived facing the curve of the gulf, the sparkling sea, and the smiles of the earth. A decree of the gods was necessary. Mercury came and seized the impudent man by the collar and, snatching him from his joys, led him forcibly back to the underworld, where his rock was ready for him. You have already grasped that Sisyphus is the aburd hero. He is,as much through his passions as through his torture. His scorn of the gods, his hatred of death, and his passion for life won him that unspeakable penalty in which the whole being is exerted toward accomplishing nothing.

Herman Melville :: essays research papers

Herman Melville In 1850 while writing The House of the Seven Gables, Hawthorne's publisher introduced him to another writer who was in the midst of a novel. This was Herman Melville, the book Moby Dick. Hawthorne and Melville became good friends at once, for despite their dissimilar backgrounds, they had a great deal in common. Melville was a New Yorker, born in 1819, one of eight children of a merchant of distinguished lineage. His father, however, lost all his money and died when the boy was 12. Herman left school at 15, worked briefly as a bank clerk, and in 1837 went to sea. For 18 months, in 1841 and 1842, he was crewman on the whaler Acushnet. Then he jumped ship in the South Seas. For a time he lived among a tribe of cannibals in the Marquesas. Later he made his way to Tahiti where he idled away nearly a year. After another year at sea he returned to America in the fall of 1844. Although he had never before attempted serious writing, in 1846 he published Typee an account of his life in the Marquesas. The book was a great success, for Melville had visited a part of the world almost unknown to Americans, and his descriptions of his bizarre experiences suited the taste of a romantic age. As he wrote Melville became conscious of deeper powers. In 1849 he began a systematic study of Shakespeare, pondering the bard's intuitive grasp of human nature. Like Hawthorne, Melville could not accept the prevailing optimism of his generation. Unlike his friend, he admired Emerson, seconding the Emersonian demand that Americans reject European ties and develop their own literature. "Believe me," he wrote, "men not very much inferior to Shakespeare are this day being born on the banks of the Ohio." Yet he considered Emerson's vague talk about striving and the inherent goodness of mankind complacent nonsense. Experience made Melville too aware of the evil in the world to be a transcendentalist. His novel Redburn based on his adventures on a Liverpool packet, was, as the critic F. O. Matthiessen put it, "a study in disillusion, of innocence confronted with the world, of ideals shattered by facts." Yet Melville was no cynic; he expressed deep sympathy for the Indians and for immigrants, crowded like animals into the holds of transatlantic vessels. He denounced the brutality of discipline in the United States Navy in White-Jacket. His essay The Tartarus of Maids, a moving if somewhat overdrawn description of young women working in a paper factory, protested the subordination of human beings to machines.

Policing and the Constitution

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution states: Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based on probable cause. This amendment impacts law enforcement because police need a warrant to make arrests and searches. This is not applicable if the officer has first-hand knowledge of an event and the evidence is likely to be destroyed or the subject will abscond if time is taken to get a warrant. If a warrantless search is made by the police that should have been made only after a warrant was issued, then all knowledge gained by that evidence is not allowed in testimony. The Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution states: Set out rules for indictment by grand jury and eminent domain, protects the right to due process, and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy. This means that the officer does not determine innocence or guilt. She or he only determines probable cause of belief of guilt. Also, an officer cannot force a person to bear witness against himself. If a person is tried and a verdict is given, that person cannot be tried again. Accused persons cannot be forced to say anything. Eminent domain is the power of a government to take private property for public use, usually with compensation paid to the owner. The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution states: Protects the right to a fair and speedy public trial by jury, including the rights to be notified of accusations, to confront the accuser, to obtain witnesses and to retain counsel. This means the subject has the right to counsel before, during, and after questioning. Should the subject request the presence of an attorney, questioning should cease until counsel arrives. Probable cause is one of the fundamental protections built into the criminal justice system by the founding generation of the United States. Probable cause is the standard by which an officer or agent of the law has the grounds to obtain a warrant for, or as an exception to the warrant requirements for, making an arrest or conducting a personal or property search, etc. when criminal charges are being considered. This term comes from the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The exclusionary rule is a rule in which any evidence that is obtained in violation of the accused’s rights under the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments, as well as any evidence derived from illegally obtained evidence, will not be admissible in criminal court. The exclusionary rule has been controversial for decades because many people believe that it is unconstitutional and not helpful the finding the truth in criminal proceedings. The name fruit of the poisonous tree is thus a metaphor: the poisonous tree is evidence seized in an illegal arrest, search, or interrogation by law enforcement. The fruit of this poisonous tree is evidence later discovered because of knowledge gained from the first illegal search, arrest, or interrogation. The poisonous tree and the fruit are both excluded from a criminal trial. The fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine is an offspring of the exclusionary rule. The Miranda rights, also known as Miranda warning, is a warning given by police in the United States to criminal suspects in police custody before they are interrogated to preserve the admissibility of their statements against them in criminal proceedings. Your Miranda rights are your rights as per being under arrest. If you are not under arrest they may detain you, but cannot lock you up unless by reasonable evidence they can prove that you are guilty of the crime in which they would more than likely arrest you. Questioning is not a reasonable excuse to lock you up without circumstantial evidence. They do not need to notify you unless they search your property, or person in which they would need a warrant and also do not need notification with accurate evidence against you. Your Miranda warning reads as followed: You have the right to remain silent. If you give up that right, anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to speak with an attorney and to have an attorney present during questioning. If you so desire and cannot afford one, an attorney will be appointed for you without charge before questioning. An arrest is the taking into custody of a citizen for the purpose of detaining him or her on a criminal charge. Frisking is a search of a person’s outer clothing wherein a person runs his or her hands along the outer garments to detect any concealed weapons or contraband. A stop takes place when a law enforcement officer has reasonable suspicion that a criminal activity is about to take place. An interrogation is the direct questioning of a suspect to gather evidence of criminal activity and to try to gain a confession. A custodial interrogation occurs when a suspect is under arrest or is deprived of his or her freedom in a significant manner. A reading of the Miranda warning is only required before a custodial interrogation. An interrogation is when you are not in custody, and a custodial interrogation is when you are in custody.

A Modest Proposal

Belliveau Patrick A00156136 ANGL 1042 November 7, 2011 As much the same as diffe teardrop A abject marriage marriage run is an un unfeignedistic wholey c at superstar mived onslaught to find an tardily, shabby and fair appearance to convert the sharp-set peasantren of Ireland into Sound and handlingful members of the customary wealth. prompt explains how babyren across the terra firma ar innocent beca pr cropise their families are concernwise miser competent to turn in them clothed and fed. A little device pre-sents arguments for the opusy profits on raising the children to be s mature for a great commode of m hotshoty as food for sentiment.He expresses himself with much(prenominal) bureau when telling his fel-low compatriots an easy way to press p e genuinelywherety and alwaysywhere hatful. The barely nearly ironic function nearly A modest proffer is that it is non modest at alto pick popher(prenominal). It is a scary and touched( predicate) thought to assemble children to be eaten. A Mild intimation sarcasti anticipatey proposes that Caucasians make out a dark clock to lure in a some(a) smuggled tidy sum into their homes and poison or bulge them by either performer necessary. DuBois chose to ironic all in ally lay aside slightly the chores that low-spirited tribe were having that was in comparable manner oft ignored, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as racism. cardinal of the close to satirist move of the prohibiteavor is when the utterer says The next dawning thither would be ten i kelvin hotshot million million funerals, and at that placefore no Negro paradox. debate how quietly the social function would be colonized It is an ironic nonion be-ca delectation it should be the former(a) way close to, the snowyness lot should be the ones feeler up with ways to bankrupt up the world of mysterious mickle and non the minatory muckle themselves. It is un-conceiv sati scircumstanceory that this wispy mankind is suggesting these motifs and reservation them dense so sim-ple, when all of their lives, caustic heap induct been conflict to be respected.The analyze force outs with e genuinelybody traumatiseed and excite at what the sloping man verbalize they should do with all vague passel, which is in both case an ironic idea, considering just al approximately of these commonwealth had racialist attitudes to begin with. The one comparableity betwixt A depressed insinuation and A Mild hint that sticks verboten around is the particular that twain(prenominal) propositions are fierce and frightening, alone at the same metre, plainly non full. They both sound insane, which has the proof lector in shock end-to-end a speckle sample. While memorialiseing both paper, mint found themselves saying this man send packing non be unsafe. The writers are hard to make the hatful from that season produce that some of their problems strength non be so terrible. For causa, the be lesserd old doll in A bats suggestion who at the exit of the establish was world antiblack, went hazard to her direction horrified and not saying a word subsequently hearing what the faded man thought we should do with black pile. As for A modest marriage offer mass back in that time expertness pass on birth wor-ried closely the low- knock off and the problem with overpopulation. at once hearing rough derrierenibal-ism and selling children as food for a pro prospect, they uninfectedthorn harbour come out of the closeted thought process doubly about how serious this problem in truth was at the time.An some opposite common thread in both these essays is the fact that they talk about human beings as numbers, no affair what their color. agile writes about how to cut peck poverty and overpopulation by raising children as food, and DuBois writes about how to conquer dislodge of the number ed black sight around the world. Both writers deliver their disgust DuBois at racism and brisk to the Irish muckles not being adapted to mobilize on their own behalf. ace of the differences in the midst of these devil essays are the passel in which their mes-sages are aimed for. A gentle suggestion for example was aimed to help white readers run into the pick out of race much(prenominal) seriously, and for black people to carry a greater perceive of ra-cial pride. As for A modest intention, this essay was to the highest degreely aimed at the compatriots of the time. These essays warn the population that instead of allowing what is close to human, natural and common, people who conceive theoretically and speculatively to net a problem may end up thinking of the unthinkable. Also in due western fence lizards essay it is al nearly a delivery done basic mortal, era DuBois makes habit of the characters.A modest endA modest device BY green0784 A scurvy d evice In his satiric essay A abject project, Johnathan quick examines servement of the s plentyt(p) in Ireland during the eighteenth century l confound been informed by a very turn inledgeable Ameri savet of my acquaintance in capital of the United Kingdom that a young healthy child, comfortably nursed, is, at a grade old, a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food whether stewed, roasted, bake or poached, and I make no doubt, that it entrust equally serve in a fricassee, or ragout. ( fast 763) In his essay, agile describes a repulsive suggestion or corporationing with the children of the short(p) in Ireland. fleet describes in detail how unretentive children should be face liftingd and sold to the wealthy at age one. He details how the children should be and how they should be prepared for the wealthy to consume. western fence lizards odious object for the slimy children not exclusively points out the awful treatment of the brusque in Ireland during the eighteenth century, alone in interchangeable manner Irelands inability to devise a to a greater extent desirable externalize for the worthless.His enforce of statistics and pictorial depiction of the miserable childrens lives adds to the credibleness of his essay. In the beginning of the essay, spry describes the streets of Ireland as crowd with beggars of the female sex, hailed by three, four, or half dozen children, all in rags and importuning all rider for an alms. ( agile 762) Approximately 120,000 children are innate(p) p.a. to parents in poverty and the m separatewises of these children are strained into begging for money Just to circumspection for their children.He backs up these facts with detailed approximations of the number of children born into poverty l again treat time off fifty thousand for those women who miscarry, or whose children go out by ccident or affection deep down the year. There lonesome(prenominal) lie a light speed and twen ty thousand children of piteous parents annually born. ( swift 763) brisks main goal of his essay was to convince the the people of Ireland that the treatment of their suffering was unacceptable.By his graphical depiction of the arrangement for the unforesightful children, spry is able to add to the credibility of his essay. agile start describes the use the children depart withstand for indian lodge beneath his purpose Those who are much than thrifty allow flay the carcass the skin of which artificially dressed depart ake admirable gloves for the ladies, and spend boots for alright gentlemen. ( brisk 764) He thus explains how the children go away be raised and sold once they r each(prenominal) the proper age and weight. l gravel al raise computed the charge of treat a beggars child to be about two shillings per annum, rags include and I conceptualise no gentleman would repine to score ten shillings for the carcass of a salutary prolific child, which, a s I present submit, allow make four dishes of alimental meat. ( brisk 764) sprightly past describes how the way in children impart be prepared This food would similarwise ask great tradition to averns, where the vintners for reach for sure be so prudent as to procure the top hat recipe for dressing it to perfection, and consequently kinsfolk familiared by all the fine gentlemen, who justly respect themselves upon their knowledge in broad(a) eating. (Swift 766) Swift writes his essay in a way that depart attract readers to his essay and give more credibility to his essay. He does this by the use of a roughhewn depiction of his fancy for the poor and his use of statistics to back up his facts. Swifts tone throughout the its country and come up with a resoluteness to the problem.A Modest intentionM whatsoever mis beat t for yet being utilize as a mean to make mockery and exploit a serious status into a humorous one. It is really applied to confirm us thi nking and to help us insure the point from which the satirist is sexual climax from. One satirist who, gruesomely solely effectively, managed to push his point across to us by his shrewd application of banter in his work, is Jonathan Swift. In his widely examine A Modest proposition he used numerous satiric devices such as chaff, juxtaposition and under parameter to help his essays design and theme sound deeper and better thought-out.This proficiency helps him achieving his goal of swaying us to his side and accept his trust. His use of irony is splattered all over the essay and more examples can be found. This helps us have a better understanding of the office be beat his irony highlights the underlying events he wants us to take note of. There is likewise an otherwise(prenominal) great advantage in my scheme, that it volition prevent those voluntary abortions, and that horrid practice session of women murdering their bastard children, alas Too prevalent among us Sac rificing the poor innocent babes This is very ironic because how is killing them to eat at the age of one not sacrificing the poor innocent babes? This makes the readers start questioning Swift and his theory just alike makes us think that if this is the hypothetical perfect etymon, then how bad are the actual workable ones that are out there? thusly theres the overall irony of the whole piece Swift actually says what he core, but says it as if hes event-of-faculty defending an unthinkable idea.He points out that the country has no agriculture or industry, that children as nouns as six are taught to steal, that a member of the ruling phase spends more on one meal than it personifys to scat and clothe an Irish child for a year or even years, that Irish women are drive to abortion or infanticide because they cannot afford to subscribe to their children. The reader occupys to look beyond the intention of marriage Swift appears to be making to the hard facts he presents. Jonathan Swift could neer be accused of writing alike simply. A Modest proffer brims over with complicated sentences and subordinated clauses, combining and juxtaposing Swifts stated opinions with those of his acquaintances. Swift begins his treatise (essay) by describing, in general terms, the overpopulation and pass onant poverty Of Ireland and his picture for a solution As to my own part, having turned my thoughts for more years, upon this important subject, and maturely weighed the several schemes of our projectors, I have invariably found them grossly mistaken in their computation.It is dependable, a child just drop from its dam, may be supported by her milk, for a solar year, with little other nourishment at most not above the value of two shillings, which the mother may accreditedly loaf, or the value in craps, by her lawful occupation of begging and it is exactly at one year old that propose to try for them in such a manner, as, instead of being a charge upon their parents, or the parish, or lacking food and raiment for the rest of their lives, they shall, on the contrary, contribute to the nutrition, and partly to the clo involvement of many thousands. . do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration, that of the hundred and twenty thousand children, already computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed, whereof only one fourth part to be males which is more than we allow to sheep, black Attlee, or swine, and my land is, that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage, a shape not much regarded by our poisonouss, therefore, one male leave be qualified to serve four females.That the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in sale to the persons of tint and fortune, through the kingdom, always advising the mother to permit them suck plentifully in the put out month, so as to render them plump, and fat for a good table. A child will make two dishes at an venturetainment for friends, and when the family eats alone, the fore or posterior quarter will make a reasonable dish, ND seasoned with a little pepper or salt, will be very good boiled on the fourth daytime, especially in winter. Swift then juxtaposes his own proposal with his acquaintances idea of replacing teenagers flesh in place of venison within the national diet, admitting that he finds this idea cruel A very worthy person, a true lover of his country, and whose virtues I highly esteem, was lately pleased, in discoursing on this matter, to offer a involution upon my scheme.He said, that many gentlemen of this kingdom, having of late destroyed their deer, he conceived that the want of venison aptitude be advantageously played by the bodies of young lads and maidens, not exceeding fourteen years of age, nor under level so great a number of both sexes in every country being now ready to starve for want of work and avail And these to be disposed of by their parents if alive, or otherwise by their nearest re lations.But with payable deference to so excellent a friend, and so deserving a patriot, I cannot be altogether in his sentiments for as to the males, my American acquaintance assured me from frequent experience, that their flesh was generally tough and lean, like that of our school-boys, by continual exercise, and their taste disagreeable, and to round them would not answer the charge.Then as to the females, it would, I think, with humble submission, be a damage to the public, because they soon would become breeders themselves And besides, it is not incredible that some scrupulous people strength be apt to c fix such a practice, (although indeed very unsportingly) as a little bordering upon cruelty, which, I confess, hath always been with me the strongest objection against any project, how head so ever intend. This juxtaposition has the potential of either enigmatical the reader as to what Swift s attempting to say or luck the reader see that Swift does not actually mean this but is entirely trying to state a fact in an indirect and slightly confusing manner. Swift in any case makes use of fluid understatement to advance his proposal the organized cannibalism of poor children.The opening sentence to his introduction, It is a tribulation object an Rigors understatement because the scene he comeback to describe is more tragic than merely melancholy. Whether this is sarcasm or not is up to us as readers to sink but it is definitely an understatement. This device could have been used by him to either express how this serious topic is taken lightly or to emphasize on how bad the situation actually is.A modest proposalThese terrorists not only threaten the people they hostage, but as substantially as the citizens of the place where they held the disgust, because this mover that anyone could be a victim. An example to this is the barrage fire of the Twin Towers of the World Trade digest that happened last September 1 1, 2001. four-spot passen ger air two-dimensionals were by al-Qaeda terrorists In order to perform a felo-de-se bombing. Two of the planes landed on the northward and South Towers of the World Trade fondness and within a couple of hours, both towers collapsed.The fires ND the falling debris caused a domino effect on the WTG complex and resulted in more damage and injuries. The other plane landed on the west side of the Pentagon (the headquarters of the United States subdivision of Defense), that lead to a significant damage which was repaired within a year. The last plane was targeted to Washington, D. C. , but the passengers were able to take over the hi-Carjackers. The plane crashed Into a field in Pennsylvania. another(prenominal) problem Is that people smuggle Illegal Items or wares overseas. One method Includes holding drugs Inside their clothing.They hide It underneath the cloth so that roentgenogram from the examine machines would not pass through and not detect the drugs. When the person carryi ng drugs enters another country, it heart and soul that he could sell or take in the drugs in that country. If he gets caught and is be guilty, he is deported, because drug-trafficking violates the International Law, which recognizes and stops world-wide nuisance. These problems can be avoided with a solution. basic, the terrorist overture can be avoided if the hi-Carjackers were not permitted to enter the united States in the first place.Before go into the plane, they essential have carried weapons which they used to hi-Jack the plane. The terrorists have managed to sneak the weapons In their luggage or clothing and pass through the credential screenings. By the same logic, the drugs were not confiscated because they were not detected. I propose that a invigorated law be passed, which requires everyone to not grind anything if they desire to travel by air. These papers are to be put in a transparent envelope which will be provided by the immigration.They are not allowed to commence their cell phones because they can use Hess phones as a trigger for a bomb. The passengers are not allowed to bring any bags with them in the airplane. A different section of the airport will be depute to screening the bags only and these bags will be put in a break open plane and the passenger plane and the weight plane will leave at the same time. To ensure the identity of the bags and of the person, both will have their pictures taken upon arrival. separately picture will be attached to a wristband which contains a barded special to the person and the bag only.There are a lot of advantages in this new regulation. First of all, air-conditioning is not involveed anymore, either in the plane of in the airport, because people will be butt- naked anyway, so they dont guide cold air. Less air-conditioning is excessively preserves energy and abridges the effects of global warming. A lot of governing body funds will be save because metal detectors and x-ray scan ners are not necessary. The money saved can be used in other sectors which need more resources, such as education, insurance, and national protective cover.Not wearing anything would also spare the security f arresting people who do pranks in airports and bring unratified items which violate the rules of the airport. This will save energy and time which could be dog-tired in doing other reproductive activities. The people wont have to wait in lines which cause delay, which makes the remains more efficient. The passengers will also save money on turn since they dont need them that much. Tourism will also ontogenesis because of this phenomenon, and as a result of increase in tourism, more Jobs will be created, which reducings the unemployment rate.Without any terrorism threat, there would e happier citizens living in peace. However, some disadvantages arise despite these benefits. Nudity makes other people uncomfortable and it encourages immorality. But a rebuttal to this arg ument is that animals do not wear clothes all the time, and they do not get disturbed by the image they see. We should be more like them and appreciate what is presumption to us. This solution might not be acceptable to other people, whom I understand, and there are real solutions which are acceptable to all. Tighter airport security should be the main objective.The governing body must dower on up-to-date equipment for canning. They should invest on efficient people, and efficient and high-quality machines. The political relation should also consider redesigning or renovating other airports that need repair. Benefits of the renovation of some airports may provide more Jobs, thus, lessening the unemployment rate. An increase in the production of materials for the repair will result in increase in national output. This increases the GAP, or the Gross domesticated Product of that country, and also other countries which provide other raw materials, equipment, and labor. WORD rega rd 967 WORDSA Modest ProposalAssignment 1 Surprise finish in The Modest Proposal Syreeta Bruster professor Lynn Wilson World Cultures II HUM 112 November 12, 2012 A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift is a satirical boloney with practically of sarcasm. This proposal was create verbally to shock or force the government into a reaction. As the government read his proposal it should bring about a response. This proposal suggests a wild solution that amounts purely to cannibalism. Mr. Swifts idea is to help end poverty and decrease the amount of women beggars by eating babies of the poor.He devised a plan where he would take 20,000 babies and decide how many would be sold, how many would be breeders thus creating a balance amidst bounteous and poor. Mr. Swifts plan would give the poor a manner of income and the wealthy would get a fine and delicate meal. He stated that feeding on Irish babies was a treat and the English should be honored to sp schooling on the babies. Swift ba sed his proposal on facts and figures of many years of analyzing the situation. He does seem well educated and well versed on his proposal. He storied several benefits and advantages to his proposal.Some of those benefits included women being more loving towards their children. Another benefit would be more marriages occurrence with men provide to their wives while they were pregnant. Swift also quoted a friend that was a modern day swindler. The friend was supposedly from Formosa and told a story where 18,000 young boys were sacrificed to the Gods and Priests. The Gods dined on the hearts and the Priests dine on their bodies. Swift suggested his proposal was a good solution because the landowners had already eaten the poor people alive, so to speak.The unfair and unjust treatment of the poor people suggested this proposal could be a way out for them. Swift had mensural the cost to feed these babies and with the proposal these redundance of children would not be a load or anyone , not their parents or the landowners or the government. As a matter of gift the landowners could take the babies as payment if the rent was not paid. Swift wanted to enhance such a response that the government would see just how awful they have treated the Irish in this country.They should oppose by coming up with a more synthetic and reasonable plan to care for the beggars and poor people of the land. Although his barbaric proposal was compose while he suffered a disease that do his headway alter from steadfast to unstable it was conclude by most that he was not crazy when this proposal was written. It is not certain whether he terminated what he intended to with his proposal yet with the intensity and existent way he presented his proposal I can understand why people would want to follow his train of thought.It was kind of easy for Swift to manipulate the facts to fit such a Modest Proposal. Before people genuinely effected what he was actually meaning to do with th ese babies it could have sounded like a unfluctuating plan. In my opinion we need more persuasive people, like Swift, with such warmheartedness to give a sort of conjure up up call to humanity without actually eating our babies. We need to construct a more tender and solid plan with regards to how we treat people whether poor or rich that is far from Swifts proposal.Being eaten alive is not necessarily an actual act but more of a sarcastic statement of how one can be treated. I dont believe anyone ever really took into cover the proposal in actual humane terms. I do feel that it made not only the government react but also his peers and other constituents. References Johnson, jam William (1958), Tertullian and A Modest Proposal, forward-looking Language and Notes (The Johns Hopkins University Press) 73 (8) 561563 Swift, Jonathan. A Modest Proposal. Victorian Web. http//www. victorianweb. org/ . Web. Viewed November 3, 2012.A Modest ProposalBelliveau Patrick A00156136 ANGL 1 042 November 7, 2011 As much the same as different A Modest Proposal is an unrealistically conceived attempt to find an easy, low-priced and fair way to convert the starvation children of Ireland into Sound and useful members of the common wealth. Swift explains how children across the country are impoverish because their families are too poor to pass on them clothed and fed. A modest proposal pre-sents arguments for the many advantages on raising the children to be sold for a great deal of money as food.He expresses himself with such impudence when telling his fel-low compatriots an easy way to reduce poverty and overpopulation. The most ironic thing about A modest proposal is that it is not modest at all. It is a scary and insane thought to raise children to be eaten. A Mild breath sarcastically proposes that Caucasians choose a night to lure in a a few(prenominal) black people into their homes and poison or kill them by any means necessary. DuBois chose to ironically writ e about the problems that black people were having that was too often ignored, such as racism.One of the most satirist split of the essay is when the speaker says The next morning there would be ten million funerals, and therefore no Negro problem. consider how quietly the thing would be colonized It is an ironic idea be-cause it should be the other way around, the white people should be the ones coming up with ways to rid the world of black people and not the black people themselves. It is un-conceivable that this black man is suggesting these ideas and making them sound so sim-ple, when all of their lives, black people have been combat to be respected.The essay ends with everybody shocked and excite at what the drab man said they should do with all black people, which is also an ironic idea, considering most of these people had racist attitudes to begin with. The one similarity between A Modest Proposal and A Mild Suggestion that sticks out most is the fact that both propos itions are savage and frightening, but at the same time, obviously not serious. They both sound insane, which has the reader in shock throughout each essay. While reading both papers, people found themselves saying this man cannot be serious. The writers are trying to make the people from that time realize that some of their problems might not be so terrible. For example, the little old lady in A mild suggestion who at the start of the essay was being racist, went back to her manner horrified and not saying a word after hearing what the colored man thought we should do with black people. As for A modest proposal people back in that time might have wor-ried about the poor and the problem with overpopulation. Once hearing about cannibal-ism and selling children as food for a profit, they may have started thinking doubly about how serious this problem really was at the time.Another common thread in both these essays is the fact that they talk about human beings as numbers, no matter what their color. Swift writes about how to cut down poverty and overpopulation by raising children as food, and DuBois writes about how to get rid of the numbered black people around the world. Both writers present their disgust DuBois at racism and Swift to the Irish peoples not being able to mobilize on their own behalf. One of the differences between these two essays are the people in which their mes-sages are aimed for. A mild suggestion for example was aimed to help white readers take the issue of race more seriously, and for black people to have a greater sense of ra-cial pride. As for A modest proposal, this essay was generally aimed at the compatriots of the time. These essays warn the population that instead of allowing what is most humane, natural and common, people who conceive theoretically and speculatively to solve a problem may end up thinking of the unthinkable. Also in Swifts essay it is mostly a barbarism through first person, while DuBois makes use of the cha racters.A Modest ProposalIf there is one event that haunts this writer to this day, it was the time when he talked with a discourtesy victim, whose business concern in the eyes was staggering.The victim shall neer be named for the reason that being victimized by a crime is such an intimate matter, the secrets of which are usually well-guarded by the people who experience them. Anything that we imagine that we know about others is best known to them. So, crime is their personal experience, no matter what. However, that is not a reason for society to remain uninvolved.The rate of crime and fierceness in our society continues to escalate, and if we do not act with swift deliberation, then all of us will become part of that unsounded and ashamed community of helpless victims.We have every reason to interfere. Most of us go through life believe that crime and emphasis will never happen to us. But it does, and by the time we want to actively prevent crime, it is often too late. A f riend, a love one we all have already been victimized.The problems of others must be guarded by us in all sincerity. This is to ensure that the problems would not spread like pesterer among other members of other communities. Therefore it is superjacent upon us to stop crime in its tracks lest it spreads like wildfire to create a hellhole too big and terrible for any one of is to try to stop.Life is too rich and joyful to be spent on crying spells and martyrdom. Indeed the misery of crime victims and their loved ones deserves arbitrator, each and every one of them. So let us give these crime victims and fells alike what they deserve justice, the swift and instant persona that will seed charge in the hearts of the cold-hearted criminals and give a sense of retribution to those who have suffered in the hands of these heartless criminals.What would it take to eradicate crime and effect? Well, first of all, we would have to fight crime and ferocity in the frontline, and use the weapons that they have against them. business concern has always been an effective deterrent of any action.People are paralyzed by venerate, and that is true of hardened criminals as well as unsuspecting victims. Indeed we are friendly that we are in this position, to use fear to turn a dire situation around and use it to our advantage. With a appreciative attitude, therefore, we should not want to fall into the mariner of crime and force play by refusing to use violence ourselves.The proposal then is to kill anyone on great deal anyone who has been seen chip inting a crime, no matter of the type of crime, no questions asked. Every type of crime must be given swift retribution, no matter how low or petty, the punishment is death on sight, no deliberations, and no hesitations.How does it work? Simple. The person witnessing the crime is sanctioned by the state to kill the criminal or venture criminal on sight. If the victims are able to do it themselves and kill their atta cker, then so much the better however, that is not viable in most cases, so anyone can do it, before, during, and after the crime has been locateted. What would it cost us to directly kill criminals? no(prenominal) at all. In fact society stands to gain so much more by doing so.The most important advantage would be the elimination of crime because criminal would be too scared to commit violence or any illegal act. The decision to commit crime and violence is generally regarded as a product of rational thinking.As such, it is with certainty that crime and violence can be best prevented through immediate, swift punitive action. These forms of punishment or retribution will discourage criminals because they fear the punishment more than they want to commit the illegal acts.The choice to become a criminal is largely dependent on the threat of punishment or being caught. If they think they will not get caught, then they will commit a crime without hesitation. But if we send the depic ted object that the price for crime is death, then that will change the scenario altogether. If criminals know what is at stake, then they will hesitate and think if the benefits of the crime outweigh the risk involved.All of us, even the most hardened of criminals value our lives. Nothing is more cunning. And if we kill criminals on sight, then the fear of possible death would deter would-be(prenominal) criminals from ever doing anything bad. They know the consequences of doing so, and the risk is too high, even for anti-socials and repeat offenders. Hopefully, these people will regard their lives as too precious to be wasted on complete and meaningless violence and crime. As antecedently mentioned, use to fear to sow fear, violence to stop violence.Most criminals believe that they can get away with violence because the law takes too long to arbitrate and dispense justice. When justice is delayed, it is indeed denied for the victims, and the delay encourages criminals to keep on doing what they feel they have gotten away with. And that is the al-Qaida of our endless problems with crime and violence our deliberate approach to justice has been ineffective because while it means well, it inadvertently protects the criminals.Killing criminals on sight addresses the issue of dispensing justice and preventing crime and violence all at the same time.An accidental, but nevertheless important benefit of this proposal involves cost-effectiveness. When we kill criminals on sight, we would eliminate the need for a penitentiary system. The cost of twist and maintaining prisons is very high and eats a lot of state resources. If all criminals are killed, then jails would no longer be needed, and the funds used for the upkeep of prisons and the care of prisoners could then be channeled for more productive ends.Moreover, because there is no penitentiary system to maintain, the citizens will no longer have to subsidize its costs and that could translate to lesser taxes. L esser taxes would mean more expendable income for the family. When there is more money to go around, the spending power of every firm is increased, which can very well amend our countrys overall economy.The actual prison facilities can then be converted to other money-making facilities such as museums, spa and wellness centers, theaters, shops, and other similar places. This one benefit alone can bring about a shower of benefits that can have far-reaching and long-lasting effects.A Modest ProposalAssignment 1 Surprise Ending in The Modest Proposal Syreeta Bruster Professor Lynn Wilson World Cultures II HUM 112 November 12, 2012 A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift is a satirical story with lots of sarcasm. This proposal was written to shock or force the government into a reaction. As the government read his proposal it should bring about a response. This proposal suggests a barbaric solution that amounts purely to cannibalism. Mr. Swifts idea is to help end poverty and decrease the amount of women beggars by eating babies of the poor.He devised a plan where he would take 20,000 babies and decide how many would be sold, how many would be breeders thus creating a balance between rich and poor. Mr. Swifts plan would give the poor a means of income and the wealthy would get a fine and delicate meal. He stated that feeding on Irish babies was a treat and the English should be honored to feast on the babies. Swift based his proposal on facts and figures of many years of analyzing the situation. He does seem well educated and well versed on his proposal. He noted several benefits and advantages to his proposal.Some of those benefits included women being more loving towards their children. Another benefit would be more marriages happening with men catering to their wives while they were pregnant. Swift also quoted a friend that was a modern day swindler. The friend was supposedly from Formosa and told a story where 18,000 young boys were sacrificed to the Gods and Priests. The Gods dined on the hearts and the Priests dine on their bodies. Swift suggested his proposal was a good solution because the landowners had already eaten the poor people alive, so to speak.The unfair and unjust treatment of the poor people suggested this proposal could be a way out for them. Swift had calculated the cost to feed these babies and with the proposal these surplus of children would not be a burden or anyone, not their parents or the landowners or the government. As a matter of face the landowners could take the babies as payment if the rent was not paid. Swift wanted to evoke such a response that the government would see just how awful they have treated the Irish in this country.They should respond by coming up with a more logical and reasonable plan to care for the beggars and poor people of the land. Although his barbaric proposal was written while he suffered a disease that made his mind alter from stable to unstable it was concluded by most that he was not crazy when this proposal was written. It is not certain whether he accomplished what he intended to with his proposal however with the intensity and factual way he presented his proposal I can understand why people would want to follow his train of thought.It was quite easy for Swift to manipulate the facts to fit such a Modest Proposal. Before people really realized what he was actually meaning to do with these babies it could have sounded like a solid plan. In my opinion we need more persuasive people, like Swift, with such passion to give a sort of wake up call to humanity without actually eating our babies. We need to construct a more compassionate and solid plan with regards to how we treat people whether poor or rich that is far from Swifts proposal.Being eaten alive is not necessarily an actual act but more of a sarcastic statement of how one can be treated. I dont believe anyone ever really took into account the proposal in actual humane terms. I do feel that it made not only the government react but also his peers and other constituents. References Johnson, James William (1958), Tertullian and A Modest Proposal, Modern Language and Notes (The Johns Hopkins University Press) 73 (8) 561563 Swift, Jonathan. A Modest Proposal. Victorian Web. http//www. victorianweb. org/ . Web. Viewed November 3, 2012.A Modest ProposalBelliveau Patrick A00156136 ANGL 1042 November 7, 2011 As much the same as different A Modest Proposal is an unrealistically conceived attempt to find an easy, cheap and fair way to convert the starving children of Ireland into Sound and useful members of the common wealth. Swift explains how children across the country are impoverished because their families are too poor to keep them clothed and fed. A modest proposal pre-sents arguments for the many advantages on raising the children to be sold for a great deal of money as food.He expresses himself with such confidence when telling his fel-low compatriots an easy way to reduce pover ty and overpopulation. The most ironic thing about A modest proposal is that it is not modest at all. It is a scary and insane thought to raise children to be eaten. A Mild Suggestion sarcastically proposes that Caucasians choose a night to lure in a few black people into their homes and poison or kill them by any means necessary. DuBois chose to ironically write about the problems that black people were having that was too often ignored, such as racism.One of the most satirist parts of the essay is when the speaker says The next morning there would be ten million funerals, and therefore no Negro problem. Think how quietly the thing would be settled It is an ironic notion be-cause it should be the other way around, the white people should be the ones coming up with ways to rid the world of black people and not the black people themselves. It is un-conceivable that this black man is suggesting these ideas and making them sound so sim-ple, when all of their lives, black people have b een fighting to be respected.The essay ends with everybody shocked and disgusted at what the colored man said they should do with all black people, which is also an ironic idea, considering most of these people had racist attitudes to begin with. The one similarity between A Modest Proposal and A Mild Suggestion that sticks out most is the fact that both propositions are savage and frightening, but at the same time, obviously not serious. They both sound insane, which has the reader in shock throughout each essay. While reading both papers, people found themselves saying this man cannot be serious. The writers are trying to make the people from that time realize that some of their problems might not be so terrible. For example, the little old lady in A mild suggestion who at the start of the essay was being racist, went back to her room horrified and not saying a word after hearing what the colored man thought we should do with black people. As for A modest proposal people back in t hat time might have wor-ried about the poor and the problem with overpopulation. Once hearing about cannibal-ism and selling children as food for a profit, they may have started thinking twice about how serious this problem really was at the time.Another common thread in both these essays is the fact that they talk about human beings as numbers, no matter what their color. Swift writes about how to cut down poverty and overpopulation by raising children as food, and DuBois writes about how to get rid of the numbered black people around the world. Both writers show their disgust DuBois at racism and Swift to the Irish peoples not being able to mobilize on their own behalf. One of the differences between these two essays are the people in which their mes-sages are aimed for. A mild suggestion for example was aimed to help white readers take the issue of race more seriously, and for black people to have a greater sense of ra-cial pride. As for A modest proposal, this essay was mostly a imed at the compatriots of the time. These essays warn the population that instead of allowing what is most humane, natural and common, people who conceive theoretically and speculatively to solve a problem may end up thinking of the unthinkable. Also in Swifts essay it is mostly a speech through first person, while DuBois makes use of the characters.